Colton Cowser
RF Baltimore Orioles| Year | Age | Lvl / Team | PA | AVG/OBP/SLG | HR | SB | wRC+ | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 24 | MLBBAL | 561 | .242/.323/.447 | 24 | 9 | 112 | 2.2 |
| 2025 | 25 | MLBBAL | 360 | .196/.269/.385 | 16 | 14 | 79 | 0.3 |
| 2026 | 26 | MLBBAL | 392 | .226/.320/.370 | 13 | 10 | 93 | 0.3 |
| 2027PROJ | 27 | MLBBAL | 320 | .234/.318/.425 | 14 | 9 | 105 | 1.0 |
| 2028PROJ92% MLB | 28 | MLBBAL | 297 | .232/.316/.420 | 13 | 7 | 102 | 0.7 |
| 2029PROJ92% MLB | 29 | MLBBAL | 287 | .229/.312/.413 | 12 | 6 | 100 | 0.6 |
Tools · Recent Form · Splits · ContractCON 40 / POW 60
Career Stats + Projections
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built
All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.
| Year | Age | Lvl | Team | MLB% | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | HBP | SB | CS | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | ISO | BABIP | K% | BB% | wOBA | wRC+ | BAT | RUN | FLD | POS | REP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 21 | A | Delmarva Shorebirds | — | 124 | 98 | 34 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 19 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 347 | 480 | 429 | 908 | 82 | 418 | 15 | 18 | 414 | 129 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 21 | ROK | FCL Orioles Orange | — | 25 | 22 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 500 | 560 | 773 | 1.333 | 273 | 588 | 16 | 12 | 574 | 160 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | AAA | Norfolk Tides | — | 124 | 105 | 23 | 7 | 0 | 5 | 13 | 38 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 219 | 339 | 429 | 767 | 210 | 290 | 31 | 10 | 345 | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | AA | Bowie Baysox | — | 224 | 176 | 60 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 36 | 57 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 341 | 475 | 568 | 1.043 | 227 | 446 | 25 | 16 | 453 | 143 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ | Aberdeen IronBirds | — | 278 | 229 | 59 | 19 | 2 | 4 | 45 | 79 | 3 | 16 | 1 | 258 | 386 | 410 | 797 | 153 | 374 | 28 | 16 | 361 | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | MLB | Baltimore Orioles | — | 77 | 61 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 115 | 289 | 148 | 437 | 33 | 175 | 29 | 17 | 229 | 39 | -6 | +0 | -1 | +2 | +2 | -0.3 |
| 2023 | 23 | AAA | Norfolk Tides | — | 399 | 323 | 97 | 18 | 1 | 17 | 64 | 107 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 300 | 423 | 520 | 944 | 220 | 390 | 27 | 16 | 410 | 120 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 24 | MLB | Baltimore Orioles | — | 561 | 499 | 121 | 24 | 3 | 24 | 52 | 172 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 242 | 323 | 447 | 769 | 204 | 317 | 31 | 9 | 339 | 112 | +8 | +0 | +7 | -6 | +12 | 2.2 |
| 2025 | 25 | MLB | Baltimore Orioles | — | 360 | 327 | 64 | 14 | 0 | 16 | 27 | 128 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 196 | 269 | 385 | 655 | 190 | 262 | 36 | 8 | 292 | 79 | -9 | +3 | +0 | +1 | +8 | 0.3 |
| 2026 | 26 | MLB | Baltimore Orioles | — | 392 | 341 | 77 | 10 | 0 | 13 | 46 | 121 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 226 | 320 | 370 | 689 | 144 | 305 | 31 | 12 | 310 | 93 | -3 | +0 | +2 | -4 | +8 | 0.3 |
| ▸ Career Totals (raw MLB only — historical actual) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MLB Career | — | — | 1390 | 1228 | 269 | 50 | 3 | 53 | 138 | 443 | 16 | 34 | 8 | 219 | 306 | 394 | 700 | 175 | 292 | 32 | 10 | 313 | 98 | -4 | +4 | +8 | -7 | +30 | 3.1 | ||
| ▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 21 | A MLE | Delmarva Shorebirds | — | 124 | 105 | 34 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 324 | 423 | 390 | 813 | 67 | 404 | 20 | 12 | 359 | 129 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 21 | ROK MLE | FCL Orioles Orange | — | 25 | 23 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 348 | 400 | 565 | 965 | 217 | 452 | 24 | 8 | 405 | 160 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | AAA MLE | Norfolk Tides | — | 124 | 109 | 21 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 45 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 193 | 290 | 358 | 648 | 165 | 280 | 36 | 7 | 281 | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | AA MLE | Bowie Baysox | — | 224 | 186 | 55 | 8 | 0 | 7 | 26 | 70 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 296 | 407 | 452 | 859 | 156 | 422 | 31 | 12 | 380 | 143 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ MLE | Aberdeen IronBirds | — | 278 | 246 | 52 | 16 | 2 | 3 | 28 | 105 | 3 | 16 | 1 | 211 | 300 | 329 | 629 | 118 | 342 | 38 | 10 | 278 | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 77 | 61 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 115 | 289 | 148 | 437 | 33 | 175 | 29 | 17 | 226 | 39 | -6 | +0 | -1 | +2 | +2 | -0.3 |
| 2023 | 23 | AAA MLE | Norfolk Tides | — | 399 | 340 | 90 | 16 | 1 | 13 | 47 | 131 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 265 | 362 | 432 | 795 | 168 | 367 | 33 | 12 | 346 | 120 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 24 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 561 | 501 | 119 | 23 | 3 | 24 | 50 | 172 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 238 | 315 | 439 | 755 | 202 | 317 | 31 | 9 | 333 | 112 | +8 | +0 | +7 | -6 | +12 | 2.2 |
| 2025 | 25 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 360 | 328 | 63 | 14 | 0 | 15 | 26 | 128 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 192 | 264 | 372 | 636 | 180 | 262 | 36 | 7 | 284 | 79 | -9 | +3 | +0 | +1 | +8 | 0.3 |
| 2026 | 26 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 392 | 341 | 75 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 46 | 121 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 220 | 314 | 355 | 669 | 135 | 305 | 31 | 12 | 305 | 93 | -3 | +0 | +2 | -4 | +8 | 0.3 |
| 2021 | 21 | A MLE | 2 teams | — | 149 | 128 | 42 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 31 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 328 | 419 | 422 | 841 | 94 | 417 | 21 | 11 | 367 | 134 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 21 | A RAW | 2 teams | — | 149 | 120 | 45 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 25 | 23 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 375 | 493 | 492 | 985 | 117 | 448 | 15 | 17 | 441 | 134 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ MLE | 3 teams | — | 626 | 541 | 128 | 30 | 2 | 14 | 63 | 220 | 18 | 18 | 3 | 237 | 336 | 377 | 713 | 140 | 367 | 35 | 10 | 315 | 99 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ RAW | 3 teams | — | 626 | 510 | 142 | 36 | 2 | 19 | 94 | 174 | 18 | 18 | 3 | 278 | 408 | 469 | 877 | 190 | 383 | 28 | 15 | 391 | 99 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 476 | 401 | 97 | 18 | 1 | 13 | 60 | 153 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 242 | 350 | 389 | 739 | 147 | 347 | 32 | 13 | 327 | 107 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | AAA RAW | 2 teams | — | 476 | 384 | 104 | 20 | 1 | 17 | 77 | 129 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 271 | 402 | 461 | 863 | 190 | 355 | 27 | 16 | 381 | 107 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 24 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 561 | 501 | 119 | 23 | 3 | 24 | 50 | 172 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 238 | 315 | 439 | 755 | 202 | 308 | 31 | 9 | 333 | 112 | +8 | +0 | +7 | -6 | +12 | 2.2 |
| 2024 | 24 | MLB RAW | Baltimore Orioles | — | 561 | 499 | 121 | 24 | 3 | 24 | 52 | 172 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 242 | 323 | 447 | 769 | 204 | 317 | 31 | 9 | 339 | 112 | +8 | +0 | +7 | -6 | +12 | 2.2 |
| 2025 | 25 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 360 | 328 | 63 | 14 | 0 | 15 | 26 | 128 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 192 | 264 | 372 | 636 | 180 | 259 | 36 | 7 | 284 | 79 | -9 | +3 | +0 | +1 | +8 | 0.3 |
| 2025 | 25 | MLB RAW | Baltimore Orioles | — | 360 | 327 | 64 | 14 | 0 | 16 | 27 | 128 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 196 | 269 | 385 | 655 | 190 | 262 | 36 | 8 | 292 | 79 | -9 | +3 | +0 | +1 | +8 | 0.3 |
| 2026 | 26 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 392 | 341 | 75 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 46 | 121 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 220 | 314 | 355 | 669 | 135 | 299 | 31 | 12 | 305 | 93 | -3 | +0 | +2 | -4 | +8 | 0.3 |
| 2026 | 26 | MLB RAW | Baltimore Orioles | — | 392 | 341 | 77 | 10 | 0 | 13 | 46 | 121 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 226 | 320 | 370 | 689 | 144 | 305 | 31 | 12 | 310 | 93 | -3 | +0 | +2 | -4 | +8 | 0.3 |
| 2021 | 21 | A MLE | 2 teams | — | 149 | 128 | 42 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 31 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 328 | 419 | 422 | 841 | 94 | 412 | 21 | 11 | 367 | 134 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ MLE | 3 teams | — | 626 | 540 | 128 | 30 | 2 | 14 | 63 | 220 | 18 | 18 | 3 | 237 | 336 | 378 | 714 | 141 | 358 | 35 | 10 | 315 | 99 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 476 | 406 | 97 | 18 | 1 | 13 | 60 | 153 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 239 | 350 | 384 | 735 | 145 | 336 | 32 | 13 | 327 | 107 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 24 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 561 | 499 | 119 | 23 | 3 | 24 | 50 | 172 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 238 | 315 | 441 | 756 | 202 | 317 | 31 | 9 | 333 | 112 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 25 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 360 | 325 | 63 | 14 | 0 | 15 | 26 | 128 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 194 | 264 | 375 | 639 | 182 | 262 | 36 | 7 | 284 | 79 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2026 | 26 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 392 | 342 | 75 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 46 | 121 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 219 | 314 | 354 | 668 | 135 | 305 | 31 | 12 | 305 | 93 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Model inputs — neutral MLE (past 3 seasons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 24 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 561 | 499 | 119 | 23 | 3 | 24 | 50 | 172 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 238 | 315 | 441 | 756 | 202 | 317 | 31 | 9 | 333 | 112 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 25 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 360 | 325 | 63 | 14 | 0 | 15 | 26 | 128 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 194 | 264 | 375 | 639 | 182 | 262 | 36 | 7 | 284 | 79 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2026 | 26 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 392 | 342 | 75 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 46 | 121 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 219 | 314 | 354 | 668 | 135 | 305 | 31 | 12 | 305 | 93 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ 2027 season | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ▸ 2027 — full MLE projection (neutral park, full availability) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 | 27 | MLB MLE | BAL | 100% | 419 | 370 | 85 | 13 | 1 | 18 | 42 | 129 | 4 | 12 | 3 | 229 | 314 | 413 | 727 | 184 | 296 | 31 | 10 | 323 | 105 | +2 | +1 | +4 | -4 | +9 | 1.2 |
| ▸ 2027 — real world (MLB) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 | 27 | MLB CTX | BAL | 100% | 320 | 282 | 66 | 10 | 1 | 14 | 32 | 99 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 234 | 318 | 425 | 743 | 192 | 301 | 31 | 10 | 329 | 105 | +2 | +1 | +3 | -3 | +7 | 1.0 |
| ▸ Career projection (2028+) — MLB context, MLB playing time (PA × MLB%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 | 28 | MLB MLE | BAL | 92% | 323 | 285 | 65 | 10 | 0 | 14 | 32 | 100 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 227 | 311 | 408 | 720 | 181 | 295 | 31 | 10 | 320 | 102 | +1 | +1 | +3 | -3 | +7 | 0.8 |
| 2029 | 29 | MLB MLE | BAL | 92% | 312 | 276 | 62 | 10 | 0 | 13 | 31 | 98 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 224 | 308 | 401 | 709 | 177 | 292 | 31 | 10 | 316 | 100 | -0 | +0 | +2 | -3 | +7 | 0.6 |
| 2030 | 30 | MLB MLE | BAL | 92% | 305 | 270 | 59 | 9 | 0 | 12 | 30 | 97 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 220 | 304 | 391 | 696 | 171 | 289 | 32 | 10 | 310 | 96 | -1 | +1 | +1 | -3 | +7 | 0.4 |
| 2028 | 28 | MLB CTX | BAL | 92% | 297 | 263 | 61 | 10 | 0 | 13 | 30 | 92 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 232 | 316 | 420 | 735 | 188 | 299 | 31 | 10 | 326 | 102 | +1 | +1 | +2 | -3 | +6 | 0.7 |
| 2029 | 29 | MLB CTX | BAL | 92% | 287 | 254 | 57 | 9 | 0 | 12 | 29 | 90 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 229 | 312 | 413 | 725 | 184 | 297 | 31 | 10 | 322 | 100 | -0 | +1 | +2 | -3 | +6 | 0.6 |
| 2030 | 30 | MLB CTX | BAL | 92% | 281 | 249 | 56 | 9 | 0 | 12 | 28 | 89 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 225 | 308 | 403 | 711 | 178 | 294 | 32 | 10 | 316 | 96 | -1 | +0 | +1 | -3 | +6 | 0.3 |
| ▸ Career Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ▸ Career totals — MLB only (actual + projected) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career | — | A+C | — | 2255 | 1994 | 443 | 78 | 3 | 90 | 225 | 714 | 22 | 51 | 12 | 222 | 308 | 400 | 708 | 178 | 294 | 32 | 10 | 316 | 101 | -4 | +5 | +13 | -16 | +49 | 4.7 | |
| / 162G | — | A+C | — | 650 | 575 | 127 | 22 | 1 | 26 | 65 | 206 | 6 | 15 | 3 | 221 | 307 | 398 | 705 | 177 | 292 | 32 | 10 | 316 | 101 | -1 | +2 | +4 | -5 | +14 | 1.4 | |
| Career | — | MLE | — | 3824 | 3353 | 775 | 140 | 7 | 133 | 387 | 1219 | 52 | 96 | 25 | 231 | 320 | 396 | 716 | 165 | 317 | 32 | 10 | 318 | 101 | -2 | +6 | +16 | -21 | +57 | 5.8 | |
| / 162G | — | MLE | — | 650 | 570 | 132 | 24 | 1 | 23 | 66 | 207 | 9 | 16 | 4 | 232 | 321 | 398 | 719 | 167 | 317 | 32 | 10 | 318 | 101 | -1 | +2 | +4 | -5 | +14 | 1.4 | |
How the minor-league lines were translated
One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.
2023 AAANorfolk Tides · 399 PAwOBA .404 → .346 (−58)K% 26.8% → 32.8%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 26.82% | ÷0.980 | ×1.200 | — | — | 32.84% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 15.54% | ÷0.948 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.050 | 11.88% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.25% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×1.050 | 1.24% |
| Singles /BIP | 28.24% | ÷1.019 | ×0.930 | ×1.024 | ×1.050 | 27.71% |
| Doubles /BIP | 8.33% | ÷1.015 | ×0.830 | ×1.024 | ×1.050 | 7.32% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.46% | ÷0.900 | ×0.970 | ×1.024 | ×1.050 | 0.54% |
| Home runs /BIP | 7.87% | ÷0.995 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.050 | 5.81% |
Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 99, 1B 104, 2B 103, 3B 80, K 96, BB 90 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 27.2 → +5.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (4.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.024.
Result: wOBA .404 → .346; ISO .220 → .172; BABIP .390 → .367. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2022 A+Aberdeen IronBirds · 278 PAwOBA .354 → .278 (−75)K% 28.4% → 37.6%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 28.42% | ÷0.991 | ×1.310 | — | — | 37.57% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 16.19% | ÷0.966 | ×0.600 | — | ×1.012 | 10.17% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.08% | — | ×0.770 | — | ×1.012 | 0.84% |
| Singles /BIP | 22.67% | ÷0.980 | ×0.870 | ×1.050 | ×1.012 | 21.39% |
| Doubles /BIP | 12.67% | ÷0.955 | ×0.780 | ×1.050 | ×1.012 | 11.00% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.33% | ÷0.964 | ×0.850 | ×1.050 | ×1.012 | 1.25% |
| Home runs /BIP | 2.67% | ÷1.029 | ×0.880 | — | ×1.012 | 2.31% |
Factors used: league row South Atlantic League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 106, 1B 96, 2B 91, 3B 93, K 98, BB 93 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 22.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.050.
Result: wOBA .354 → .278; ISO .153 → .127; BABIP .374 → .342. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2022 AABowie Baysox · 224 PAwOBA .448 → .380 (−68)K% 25.4% → 31.3%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 25.45% | ÷0.992 | ×1.220 | — | — | 31.30% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 16.07% | ÷0.998 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.042 | 11.74% |
| HBP% /PA | 4.02% | — | ×0.850 | — | ×1.042 | 3.56% |
| Singles /BIP | 33.61% | ÷0.995 | ×0.970 | ×0.988 | ×1.042 | 33.73% |
| Doubles /BIP | 8.40% | ÷1.055 | ×0.860 | ×0.988 | ×1.042 | 7.05% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.900 | ×0.950 | ×0.988 | ×1.042 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 8.40% | ÷1.170 | ×0.780 | — | ×1.042 | 5.84% |
Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 134, 1B 99, 2B 111, 3B 80, K 98, BB 100 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 24.8 → +4.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.988.
Result: wOBA .448 → .380; ISO .227 → .167; BABIP .446 → .422. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2022 AAANorfolk Tides · 124 PAwOBA .336 → .281 (−55)K% 30.6% → 36.2%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 30.65% | ÷1.017 | ×1.200 | — | — | 36.17% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 10.48% | ÷1.048 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.050 | 7.24% |
| HBP% /PA | 4.84% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×1.050 | 4.78% |
| Singles /BIP | 16.42% | ÷0.952 | ×0.930 | ×1.019 | ×1.050 | 17.16% |
| Doubles /BIP | 10.45% | ÷1.000 | ×0.830 | ×1.019 | ×1.050 | 9.28% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.130 | ×0.970 | ×1.019 | ×1.050 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 7.46% | ÷0.970 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.050 | 5.65% |
Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 94, 1B 90, 2B 100, 3B 126, K 103, BB 110 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 27.2 → +5.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (5.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.019.
Result: wOBA .336 → .281; ISO .210 → .161; BABIP .290 → .280. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2021 ADelmarva Shorebirds · 124 PAwOBA .408 → .359 (−49)K% 15.3% → 20.3%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 15.32% | ÷1.027 | ×1.360 | — | — | 20.29% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 17.74% | ÷1.036 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.015 | 11.99% |
| HBP% /PA | 2.42% | — | ×0.780 | — | ×1.015 | 1.92% |
| Singles /BIP | 35.44% | ÷0.967 | ×0.920 | ×1.031 | ×1.015 | 35.27% |
| Doubles /BIP | 6.33% | ÷1.055 | ×0.830 | ×1.031 | ×1.015 | 5.21% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.035 | ×0.910 | ×1.031 | ×1.015 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 1.27% | ÷1.035 | ×0.800 | — | ×1.015 | 0.99% |
Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 107, 1B 93, 2B 111, 3B 107, K 105, BB 107 — applied at half strength. Age: age 21 vs a level average of 22.0 → +1.5% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.0 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.031.
Result: wOBA .408 → .359; ISO .082 → .068; BABIP .418 → .404. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2021 ROKFCL Orioles Orange · 25 PAwOBA .559 → .405 (−154)K% 16.0% → 23.0%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 16.00% | ÷1.000 | ×1.440 | — | — | 23.04% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 12.00% | ÷1.000 | ×0.620 | — | ×0.985 | 7.33% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.720 | — | ×0.985 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 38.89% | ÷1.000 | ×0.820 | — | ×0.985 | 31.41% |
| Doubles /BIP | 16.67% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | — | ×0.985 | 11.82% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | — | ×0.985 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 5.56% | ÷1.000 | ×0.780 | — | ×0.985 | 4.27% |
Factors used: level-wide ROK factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 21 vs a level average of 19.5 → −1.5% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.5 yr older than average).
Result: wOBA .559 → .405; ISO .273 → .195; BABIP .588 → .452. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).