Wenceel Pérez

RF Detroit Tigers
Age 27 S/R 5'11" / 203 lbs MLB HR -8% Svc 2.677 · Ctrl thru 2030 ILInjured 60-Day (D60)
Overview
MLBIL-6040-MANPre-ArbFA 2031
YearAgeLvl / TeamPAAVG/OBP/SLGHRSBwRC+WARMLE AVG/OBP/SLG
202424AAADET63.164/.270/.3822440—.140/.222/.351
202424MLBDET425.242/.301/.38399950.1
202525MLBDET383.244/.312/.4301381101.0
202626AAADET62.204/.295/.3702342—.143/.213/.232
202626MLBDET175.180/.246/.3487370-0.6
2027PROJ27MLBDET130.229/.296/.39143960.2
2028PROJ82% MLB28MLBDET213.227/.294/.38664940.2
2029PROJ82% MLB29MLBDET216.225/.291/.38064910.1
Last 3 seasons WAR 0.5  ·  Next 3 projected WAR 0.5Projected rows: MLB playing time only, park and league context applied.
ContractESTIMATED
Control thru2030Service2.677First FA2031
2027Pre-Arb$0.8M2028Arb-1$1M2029Arb-2$1M2030Arb-3$1M
Skills · percentileStatcast 2024-2026
Speed68
Bat Spd63
Avg EV47
xwOBA40
Barrel%38
CompsAbraham Toro (age 27) · Troy Johnston (age 27) · Nick Franklin (age 27)
2027 FULL-SEASON PROJECTIONstats below = full-season projection
showingPROJ
wRC+†vL 9696vR 96
AVG/OBP/SLG.229 / .296 / .391
PA130
HR4
K%21
BB%8
BABIP264
ISO162
MLB%100%
Value2027 · WAR
BAT: -0.6 runs (wOBA-derived runs vs avg)-1BATRUN: +0.4 runs (SB/CS + UBR baserunning)+0RUNFLD: +0.9 runs (Defensive runs vs avg)+1FLDPOS: -1.4 runs (Positional adjustment)-1POSREP: +2.8 runs (Replacement-level credit)+3REPTotal WAR: +0.30+0.3WAR
0.00.51.00.30.20.10.027282930313233343536
━ projected WAR━ paid WAR ($/8M) surplus deficit+$1M ctrl surplus
Tools · Splits · ContractCON 50 / POW 45
Toolsscout grade · Statcast %ile · 2024-2026
CONTACT50
xAVG
290.234
POWER45
Barrel%
386.6
Avg EV
4788.9
Bat Spd
6372.8
EYE45
scouting grade only
SPEED55
Sprint
6828.2
Platoon Splits2024-2026 · 831 PA
vs LHP
vs RHP
Edge
PA
204
627
—
wRC+
104
91
◀L
wOBA
321
303
◀L
ISO
179
156
◀L
BABIP
298
278
◀L
K%
23.0%
21.5%
▶R
BB%
7.8%
7.7%
—
Contract ESTIMATED · service-time + WAR-based estimator (needs verification)
Status   Pre-Arb
MLB Debut   2024
Service   2.677 yrs.days
Team Control Through   2030
First FA Year   2031
YearStatusSalary Proj WAR Value Surplus
2027Pre-Arb$0.8M+0.3$1M+$0.4M
2028Arb-1$1M+0.2$0.7M+$0.0M (cut)
2029Arb-2$1M+0.1$0.3M+$0.0M (cut)
2030Arb-3$1M———
Totals $0.8M $2M +$0.4M

Career Stats + Projections

Real MLB stats plus park-adjusted projections — this season (so far / rest / full), then future seasons and career totals.
basis chips: RAW = as recorded · CTX = with park/league context · A+C = actual + context combined · MLE = level/park-neutral
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built

All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.

YearAge LvlTeam MLB% PAAB H2B3BHR BBSOHBP SBCS AVGOBPSLGOPS ISOBABIP K%BB% wOBAwRC+ BATRUNFLDPOSREP WAR
▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments)
201717 ROKDSL Tigers — 258226 71810 27211 166 314390358748 44343 810 339 44 — — — — — —
201818 AWest Michigan Whitecaps — 7168 21330 280 41 309329441770 132344 113 333 91 — — — — — —
201818 ROKGCL Tigers West — 9381 31702 12140 21 3834625431.006 160446 1513 446 97 — — — — — —
201919 AWest Michigan Whitecaps — 516459 1071663 45870 2113 233302314615 81279 179 275 44 — — — — — —
202121 A+West Michigan Whitecaps — 369330 811363 31642 131 245314348663 103295 178 296 55 — — — — — —
202121 ALakeland Flying Tigers — 10792 27511 12212 91 293387402789 109366 2011 356 86 — — — — — —
202222 AAErie SeaWolves — 171150 461055 15233 54 307381540921 233328 139 395 122 — — — — — —
202222 A+West Michigan Whitecaps — 236206 591359 27380 131 286369529898 243309 1611 387 101 — — — — — —
202323 AAAToledo Mud Hens — 160129 341343 27292 65 264399496895 233313 1817 390 104 — — — — — —
202323 AAErie SeaWolves — 343299 81926 35525 192 271357375732 104306 1510 330 73 — — — — — —
202323 ALakeland Flying Tigers — 2221 8300 150 10 381409524933 143500 235 412 94 — — — — — —
202424 MLBDetroit Tigers — 425389 941669 32921 95 242301383684 141294 228 304 95 -3 -0 -0 -5 +9 0.1
202424 AAAToledo Mud Hens — 6355 9222 8150 40 164270382652 218184 2413 290 40 — — — — — —
202525 MLBDetroit Tigers — 383344 8417413 31873 83 244312430742 186285 238 325 110 +5 +0 +1 -4 +8 1.0
202626 MLBDetroit Tigers — 175161 29417 14290 31 180246348594 168176 178 266 70 -6 +0 -1 -3 +4 -0.6
202626 AAAToledo Mud Hens — 6254 11302 7120 31 204295370665 167220 1911 296 42 — — — — — —
▸ Career Totals (raw MLB only — historical actual)
MLB Career— — 983894 207371129 772084 209 232295395690 163268 218 305 93 -9 +0 -0 -12 +21 0.1
▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents)
201717 ROK MLEDSL Tigers — 258234 50510 19261 166 214276244519 30232 107 233 44 — — — — — —
201818 A MLEWest Michigan Whitecaps — 7169 20330 1110 41 290300420720 130330 151 302 91 — — — — — —
201818 ROK MLEGCL Tigers West — 9385 24502 8200 21 282344412756 129338 229 311 97 — — — — — —
201919 A MLEWest Michigan Whitecaps — 516471 961563 331110 2113 204256280536 76248 226 233 44 — — — — — —
202121 A+ MLEWest Michigan Whitecaps — 369340 741253 21902 131 218267309576 91277 246 249 55 — — — — — —
202121 A MLELakeland Flying Tigers — 10796 25411 8292 91 260330354684 94346 277 296 86 — — — — — —
202222 AA MLEErie SeaWolves — 171155 42854 10283 54 271327465792 194298 166 349 122 — — — — — —
202222 A+ MLEWest Michigan Whitecaps — 236214 521248 19510 131 243305449753 206265 228 318 101 — — — — — —
202323 AAA MLEToledo Mud Hens — 160137 321043 19352 65 234335431766 197274 2212 322 104 — — — — — —
202323 AA MLEErie SeaWolves — 343311 75825 23675 192 241304328632 87281 207 276 73 — — — — — —
202323 A MLELakeland Flying Tigers — 2221 6200 170 10 286318381699 95439 325 307 94 — — — — — —
202424 MLB MLEDetroit Tigers — 425389 951669 32921 95 244303386689 141294 228 309 95 -3 -0 -0 -5 +9 0.1
202424 AAA MLEToledo Mud Hens — 6357 8222 6180 40 140222351573 211152 2910 228 40 — — — — — —
202525 MLB MLEDetroit Tigers — 383344 8617414 31873 83 250317445762 195285 238 331 110 +5 +0 +1 -4 +8 1.0
202626 MLB MLEDetroit Tigers — 175161 29417 14290 31 180246348594 168176 178 271 70 -6 +0 -1 -3 +4 -0.6
202626 AAA MLEToledo Mud Hens — 6256 8201 5140 31 143213232445 89186 238 230 42 — — — — — —
201717 ROK MLEDSL Tigers — 258234 50510 19261 166 214276244519 30238 107 233 44 — — — — — —
201717 ROK RAWDSL Tigers — 258226 71810 27211 166 314390358748 44343 810 339 44 — — — — — —
201818 ROK MLE2 teams — 164155 43732 8310 62 277313400713 123333 195 307 94 — — — — — —
201818 ROK RAW2 teams — 164149 521032 14220 62 349405497902 148397 139 397 94 — — — — — —
201919 A MLEWest Michigan Whitecaps — 516471 961563 331110 2113 204256280536 76258 226 233 44 — — — — — —
201919 A RAWWest Michigan Whitecaps — 516459 1071663 45870 2113 233302314615 81279 179 275 44 — — — — — —
202121 A+ MLE2 teams — 476435 981664 301194 222 225281317599 92299 256 260 62 — — — — — —
202121 A+ RAW2 teams — 476422 1081874 43854 222 256330360691 104310 189 309 62 — — — — — —
202222 A+ MLE2 teams — 407369 9420913 29793 185 255314463778 209286 197 331 110 — — — — — —
202222 A+ RAW2 teams — 407356 105231014 42613 185 295374534908 239317 1510 390 110 — — — — — —
202323 AA MLE3 teams — 525469 1112057 431097 267 237310345656 109290 218 291 83 — — — — — —
202323 AA RAW3 teams — 525449 1232569 63867 267 274372416788 143317 1612 352 83 — — — — — —
202424 MLB MLE2 teams — 488446 10318811 381101 135 231293381674 150282 238 298 88 -7 +1 -0 -5 +11 -0.2
202424 MLB RAW2 teams — 488444 10318811 401071 135 232297383680 151281 228 302 88 -7 +1 -0 -5 +11 -0.2
202525 MLB MLEDetroit Tigers — 383344 8617414 31873 83 250317445762 195290 238 331 110 +5 +0 +1 -4 +8 1.0
202525 MLB RAWDetroit Tigers — 383344 8417413 31873 83 244312430742 186285 238 325 110 +5 +0 +1 -4 +8 1.0
202626 MLB MLE2 teams — 237217 40719 19430 62 184250350600 166187 188 260 62 -11 +0 -1 -3 +5 -0.9
202626 MLB RAW2 teams — 237215 40719 21410 62 186258353612 167187 179 273 62 -11 +0 -1 -3 +5 -0.9
201717 ROK MLEDSL Tigers — 258236 50510 19261 166 212276242517 30232 107 233 44 — — — — — —
201818 ROK MLE2 teams — 164155 43732 8310 62 277313400713 123335 195 307 94 — — — — — —
201919 A MLEWest Michigan Whitecaps — 516478 961563 331110 2113 201256276532 75248 226 233 44 — — — — — —
202121 A+ MLE2 teams — 476439 981664 301194 222 223281314596 91293 256 260 62 — — — — — —
202222 A+ MLE2 teams — 407372 9420913 29793 185 253314460774 207279 197 331 110 — — — — — —
202323 AA MLE3 teams — 525470 1112057 431097 267 236310345655 109285 218 291 83 — — — — — —
202424 MLB MLE2 teams — 488446 10318811 381101 135 231293381674 150276 238 298 88 — — — — — —
202525 MLB MLEDetroit Tigers — 383346 8617414 31873 83 249317442760 194285 238 331 110 — — — — — —
202626 MLB MLE2 teams — 237216 40719 19430 62 185250352602 167179 188 260 62 — — — — — —
▸ Model inputs — neutral MLE (past 3 seasons)
202424 MLB MLE2 teams — 488446 10318811 381101 135 231293381674 150276 238 298 88 — — — — — —
202525 MLB MLEDetroit Tigers — 383346 8617414 31873 83 249317442760 194285 238 331 110 — — — — — —
202626 MLB MLE2 teams — 237216 40719 19430 62 185250352602 167179 188 260 62 — — — — — —
▸ 2027 season
▸ 2027 — full MLE projection (neutral park, full availability)
202727 MLB MLEDET 100% 312283 6612310 25661 72 234300401701 167269 218 310 96 -2 +1 +2 -3 +7 0.3
▸ 2027 — real world (MLB)
202727 MLB CTXDET 100% 130117 27514 11271 31 229296391687 162264 218 304 96 -1 +0 +1 -1 +3 0.2
▸ Career projection (2028+) — MLB context, MLB playing time (PA × MLB%)
202828 MLB MLEDET 82% 260236 541028 21561 51 232298396694 164267 228 307 94 -2 +1 +1 -3 +6 0.3
202929 MLB MLEDET 82% 263239 541028 21571 41 229294389684 160265 228 303 91 -3 +0 +1 -3 +6 0.1
203030 MLB MLEDET 82% 266242 551028 21581 31 225290380671 155263 228 298 88 -4 +0 -0 -3 +6 -0.1
202828 MLB CTXDET 82% 213193 44826 17461 41 227294386680 159263 228 301 94 -2 +0 +1 -2 +5 0.2
202929 MLB CTXDET 82% 216196 44826 17471 41 225291380670 155261 228 298 91 -2 +0 +0 -2 +5 0.1
203030 MLB CTXDET 82% 218198 44826 17481 31 221286371657 150258 228 292 88 -3 +0 -0 -2 +5 -0.1
▸ Career Totals
▸ Career totals — MLB only (actual + projected)
Career— A+C — 16301481 339611747 1283497 3112 229293388682 159267 218 302 80 -16 +1 +1 -19 +35 0.3
/ 162G— A+C — 650591 13524719 511393 125 228293389683 161265 218 302 80 -6 +1 +0 -7 +14 0.1
Career— MLE — 43733974 9111605091 32491323 15149 229291363654 134273 217 287 80 -18 +2 +2 -22 +41 0.6
/ 162G— MLE — 650591 13624714 481363 227 230291365657 135274 217 287 80 -6 +1 +1 -7 +14 0.2

How the minor-league lines were translated

One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.

2026 AAAToledo Mud Hens · 62 PAwOBA .293 → .230 (−62)K% 19.4% → 23.2%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA19.35%÷1.000×1.200——23.23%
BB% (unintentional) /PA11.29%÷1.000×0.690—×1.0037.81%
HBP% /PA0.00%—×0.940—×1.0030.00%
Singles /BIP14.29%÷1.000×0.930×0.958×1.00312.76%
Doubles /BIP7.14%÷1.000×0.830×0.958×1.0035.70%
Triples /BIP0.00%÷1.000×0.970×0.958×1.0030.00%
Home runs /BIP4.76%÷1.000×0.700—×1.0033.34%

Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 27 vs a level average of 27.2 → +0.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.958.

Result: wOBA .293 → .230; ISO .167 → .125; BABIP .220 → .186. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2024 AAAToledo Mud Hens · 63 PAwOBA .282 → .228 (−55)K% 23.8% → 28.0%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA23.81%÷1.022×1.200——27.97%
BB% (unintentional) /PA12.70%÷1.016×0.690—×1.0338.91%
HBP% /PA0.00%—×0.940—×1.0330.00%
Singles /BIP7.50%÷1.117×0.930×0.950×1.0336.13%
Doubles /BIP5.00%÷1.049×0.830×0.950×1.0333.88%
Triples /BIP5.00%÷1.070×0.970×0.950×1.0334.45%
Home runs /BIP5.00%÷0.792×0.700—×1.0334.56%

Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 58, 1B 123, 2B 110, 3B 114, K 104, BB 103 — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 27.2 → +3.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.

Result: wOBA .282 → .228; ISO .218 → .191; BABIP .184 → .152. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2023 AAErie SeaWolves · 343 PAwOBA .326 → .276 (−50)K% 15.2% → 19.6%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA15.16%÷0.944×1.220——19.60%
BB% (unintentional) /PA10.20%÷1.063×0.700—×1.0126.80%
HBP% /PA1.46%—×0.850—×1.0121.25%
Singles /BIP25.91%÷1.002×0.970×0.950×1.01224.12%
Doubles /BIP3.64%÷0.924×0.860×0.950×1.0123.26%
Triples /BIP0.81%÷1.145×0.950×0.950×1.0120.65%
Home runs /BIP2.43%÷1.055×0.780—×1.0121.82%

Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 111, 1B 100, 2B 85, 3B 129, K 89, BB 113 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 24.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.

Result: wOBA .326 → .276; ISO .104 → .083; BABIP .306 → .281. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2023 AAAToledo Mud Hens · 160 PAwOBA .385 → .322 (−63)K% 18.1% → 21.9%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA18.12%÷0.995×1.200——21.85%
BB% (unintentional) /PA16.88%÷1.006×0.690—×1.04812.13%
HBP% /PA1.25%—×0.940—×1.0481.23%
Singles /BIP14.00%÷0.965×0.930×0.993×1.04814.04%
Doubles /BIP13.00%÷1.156×0.830×0.993×1.0489.71%
Triples /BIP4.00%÷1.150×0.970×0.993×1.0483.51%
Home runs /BIP3.00%÷0.901×0.700—×1.0482.44%

Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 80, 1B 93, 2B 131, 3B 130, K 99, BB 101 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 27.2 → +4.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (3.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.993.

Result: wOBA .385 → .322; ISO .233 → .193; BABIP .313 → .274. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2023 ALakeland Flying Tigers · 22 PAwOBA .401 → .307 (−94)K% 22.7% → 31.7%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA22.73%÷0.975×1.360——31.69%
BB% (unintentional) /PA4.55%÷1.089×0.690—×0.9802.82%
HBP% /PA0.00%—×0.780—×0.9800.00%
Singles /BIP31.25%÷0.957×0.920—×0.98029.45%
Doubles /BIP18.75%÷1.056×0.830—×0.98014.44%
Triples /BIP0.00%÷1.020×0.910—×0.9800.00%
Home runs /BIP0.00%÷1.216×0.800—×0.9800.00%

Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 143, 1B 91, 2B 111, 3B 104, K 95, BB 118 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 22.0 → −2.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.0 yr older than average).

Result: wOBA .401 → .307; ISO .143 → .099; BABIP .500 → .439. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2022 A+West Michigan Whitecaps · 236 PAwOBA .381 → .318 (−63)K% 16.1% → 21.4%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA16.10%÷0.956×1.270——21.38%
BB% (unintentional) /PA11.44%÷1.024×0.710—×0.9987.91%
HBP% /PA0.00%—×0.790—×0.9980.00%
Singles /BIP19.05%÷1.031×0.920×0.975×0.99816.54%
Doubles /BIP7.74%÷0.876×0.810×0.975×0.9986.97%
Triples /BIP2.98%÷1.150×0.850×0.975×0.9982.14%
Home runs /BIP5.36%÷0.847×0.800—×0.9985.05%

Factors used: league row Midwest League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 69, 1B 106, 2B 75, 3B 130, K 91, BB 105 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 22.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.975.

Result: wOBA .381 → .318; ISO .243 → .214; BABIP .309 → .265. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2022 AAErie SeaWolves · 171 PAwOBA .389 → .349 (−41)K% 13.5% → 16.5%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA13.45%÷0.995×1.220——16.49%
BB% (unintentional) /PA8.19%÷0.992×0.700—×1.0275.93%
HBP% /PA1.75%—×0.850—×1.0271.53%
Singles /BIP20.47%÷1.042×0.970×0.965×1.02718.89%
Doubles /BIP7.87%÷1.042×0.860×0.965×1.0276.44%
Triples /BIP3.94%÷0.900×0.950×0.965×1.0274.12%
Home runs /BIP3.94%÷0.926×0.780—×1.0273.40%

Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 85, 1B 108, 2B 108, 3B 80, K 99, BB 98 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 24.8 → +2.7% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.965.

Result: wOBA .389 → .349; ISO .233 → .216; BABIP .328 → .298. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2021 A+West Michigan Whitecaps · 369 PAwOBA .288 → .249 (−39)K% 17.3% → 24.4%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA17.34%÷0.959×1.350——24.41%
BB% (unintentional) /PA8.13%÷1.000×0.710—×1.0125.84%
HBP% /PA0.54%—×0.810—×1.0120.44%
Singles /BIP22.18%÷1.001×0.910×1.032×1.01221.06%
Doubles /BIP4.89%÷0.935×0.830×1.032×1.0124.53%
Triples /BIP2.26%÷1.009×0.820×1.032×1.0121.91%
Home runs /BIP1.13%÷0.841×0.830—×1.0121.13%

Factors used: level-wide A+ factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 68, 1B 100, 2B 87, 3B 102, K 92, BB 100 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 22.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.032.

Result: wOBA .288 → .249; ISO .103 → .091; BABIP .295 → .277. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).