Luke Keaschall
2B Minnesota Twins| Year | Age | Lvl / Team | PA | AVG/OBP/SLG | HR | SB | wRC+ | WAR | MLE AVG/OBP/SLG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 21 | AA/A+MIN | 464 | .303/.425/.483 | 15 | 23 | 106 | — | .252/.353/.398 |
| 2025 | 22 | AAAMIN | 118 | .263/.386/.337 | 1 | 11 | 93 | — | .270/.360/.340 |
| 2025 | 22 | MLBMIN | 207 | .302/.383/.445 | 4 | 14 | 137 | 1.6 | |
| 2026 | 23 | MLBMIN | 620 | .282/.379/.407 | 10 | 20 | 123 | 3.5 | |
| 2027PROJ | 24 | MLBMIN | 566 | .271/.363/.387 | 9 | 26 | 116 | 2.7 | |
| 2028PROJ | 25 | MLBMIN | 575 | .272/.365/.393 | 10 | 26 | 118 | 2.9 | |
| 2029PROJ | 26 | MLBMIN | 575 | .272/.365/.392 | 10 | 26 | 118 | 2.9 |
Tools · Recent Form · Splits · ContractCON 55 / POW 40
Career Stats + Projections
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built
All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.
| Year | Age | Lvl | Team | MLB% | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | HBP | SB | CS | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | ISO | BABIP | K% | BB% | wOBA | wRC+ | BAT | RUN | FLD | POS | REP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 20 | A+ | Cedar Rapids Kernels | — | 34 | 32 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 312 | 353 | 562 | 915 | 250 | 296 | 9 | 6 | 399 | 101 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 20 | A | Fort Myers Mighty Mussels | — | 94 | 72 | 21 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 20 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 292 | 440 | 472 | 912 | 181 | 370 | 21 | 16 | 397 | 110 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 21 | AA | Wichita Wind Surge | — | 267 | 221 | 62 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 32 | 51 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 281 | 398 | 439 | 837 | 158 | 327 | 19 | 12 | 375 | 97 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 21 | A+ | Cedar Rapids Kernels | — | 197 | 158 | 53 | 12 | 0 | 7 | 30 | 29 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 335 | 462 | 544 | 1.006 | 209 | 371 | 15 | 15 | 441 | 118 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 22 | MLB | Minnesota Twins | — | 207 | 182 | 55 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 19 | 29 | 5 | 14 | 3 | 302 | 383 | 445 | 829 | 143 | 340 | 14 | 9 | 371 | 137 | +9 | +2 | -1 | +1 | +4 | 1.6 |
| 2025 | 22 | AAA | St. Paul Saints | — | 118 | 95 | 25 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 2 | 11 | 2 | 263 | 386 | 337 | 723 | 74 | 296 | 14 | 14 | 327 | 93 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2026 | 23 | MLB | Minnesota Twins | — | 620 | 528 | 149 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 59 | 87 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 282 | 379 | 407 | 786 | 125 | 317 | 14 | 10 | 352 | 123 | +17 | +1 | +0 | +2 | +13 | 3.5 |
| ▸ Career Totals (raw MLB only — historical actual) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MLB Career | — | — | 827 | 710 | 204 | 42 | 4 | 14 | 78 | 116 | 28 | 34 | 10 | 287 | 380 | 417 | 797 | 130 | 323 | 14 | 9 | 357 | 127 | +27 | +3 | -1 | +3 | +18 | 5.2 | ||
| ▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 20 | A+ MLE | Cedar Rapids Kernels | — | 34 | 33 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 273 | 294 | 424 | 718 | 152 | 266 | 12 | 3 | 318 | 101 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 20 | A MLE | Fort Myers Mighty Mussels | — | 94 | 78 | 19 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 28 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 244 | 352 | 385 | 736 | 141 | 333 | 30 | 10 | 331 | 110 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 21 | AA MLE | Wichita Wind Surge | — | 267 | 230 | 54 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 23 | 65 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 235 | 333 | 383 | 716 | 148 | 274 | 24 | 9 | 312 | 97 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 21 | A+ MLE | Cedar Rapids Kernels | — | 197 | 167 | 46 | 9 | 0 | 5 | 21 | 38 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 275 | 379 | 419 | 799 | 144 | 309 | 19 | 11 | 342 | 118 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 22 | MLB MLE | Minnesota Twins | — | 207 | 182 | 55 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 19 | 29 | 5 | 14 | 3 | 302 | 383 | 445 | 829 | 143 | 340 | 14 | 9 | 370 | 137 | +9 | +2 | -1 | +1 | +4 | 1.6 |
| 2025 | 22 | AAA MLE | St. Paul Saints | — | 118 | 100 | 27 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 21 | 2 | 11 | 2 | 270 | 360 | 340 | 700 | 70 | 295 | 18 | 10 | 306 | 93 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2026 | 23 | MLB MLE | Minnesota Twins | — | 620 | 529 | 149 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 58 | 87 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 282 | 377 | 406 | 783 | 125 | 317 | 14 | 9 | 350 | 123 | +17 | +1 | +0 | +2 | +13 | 3.5 |
| 2023 | 20 | A MLE | 2 teams | — | 128 | 110 | 28 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 32 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 255 | 344 | 400 | 744 | 145 | 329 | 25 | 9 | 328 | 108 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 20 | A RAW | 2 teams | — | 128 | 104 | 31 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 23 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 298 | 416 | 500 | 916 | 202 | 346 | 18 | 13 | 398 | 108 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 21 | AA MLE | 2 teams | — | 464 | 397 | 98 | 16 | 1 | 13 | 44 | 102 | 18 | 23 | 6 | 247 | 349 | 390 | 739 | 144 | 296 | 22 | 9 | 325 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 21 | AA RAW | 2 teams | — | 464 | 379 | 115 | 21 | 1 | 15 | 62 | 80 | 18 | 23 | 6 | 303 | 425 | 483 | 908 | 179 | 346 | 17 | 13 | 403 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 22 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 325 | 282 | 82 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 31 | 50 | 7 | 25 | 5 | 291 | 375 | 408 | 783 | 117 | 332 | 15 | 10 | 347 | 121 | +8 | +3 | -1 | +1 | +7 | 1.9 |
| 2025 | 22 | MLB RAW | 2 teams | — | 325 | 277 | 80 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 36 | 46 | 7 | 25 | 5 | 289 | 384 | 408 | 792 | 119 | 325 | 14 | 11 | 355 | 121 | +8 | +3 | -1 | +1 | +7 | 1.9 |
| 2026 | 23 | MLB MLE | Minnesota Twins | — | 620 | 529 | 149 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 58 | 87 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 282 | 377 | 406 | 783 | 125 | 316 | 14 | 9 | 350 | 123 | +17 | +1 | +0 | +2 | +13 | 3.5 |
| 2026 | 23 | MLB RAW | Minnesota Twins | — | 620 | 528 | 149 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 59 | 87 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 282 | 379 | 407 | 786 | 125 | 317 | 14 | 10 | 352 | 123 | +17 | +1 | +0 | +2 | +13 | 3.5 |
| 2023 | 20 | A MLE | 2 teams | — | 128 | 112 | 28 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 32 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 250 | 344 | 393 | 737 | 143 | 315 | 25 | 9 | 328 | 108 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 21 | AA MLE | 2 teams | — | 464 | 399 | 98 | 16 | 1 | 13 | 44 | 102 | 18 | 23 | 6 | 246 | 349 | 388 | 737 | 143 | 289 | 22 | 9 | 325 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 22 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 325 | 284 | 82 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 31 | 50 | 7 | 25 | 5 | 289 | 375 | 405 | 780 | 116 | 324 | 15 | 10 | 347 | 121 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2026 | 23 | MLB MLE | Minnesota Twins | — | 620 | 534 | 149 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 58 | 87 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 279 | 377 | 403 | 780 | 124 | 317 | 14 | 9 | 350 | 123 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Model inputs — neutral MLE (past 3 seasons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 21 | AA MLE | 2 teams | — | 464 | 399 | 98 | 16 | 1 | 13 | 44 | 102 | 18 | 23 | 6 | 246 | 349 | 388 | 737 | 143 | 289 | 22 | 9 | 325 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 22 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 325 | 284 | 82 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 31 | 50 | 7 | 25 | 5 | 289 | 375 | 405 | 780 | 116 | 324 | 15 | 10 | 347 | 121 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2026 | 23 | MLB MLE | Minnesota Twins | — | 620 | 534 | 149 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 58 | 87 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 279 | 377 | 403 | 780 | 124 | 317 | 14 | 9 | 350 | 123 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ 2027 season | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ▸ 2027 — full MLE projection (neutral park, full availability) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 | 24 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 564 | 488 | 132 | 24 | 3 | 9 | 53 | 85 | 18 | 26 | 5 | 270 | 363 | 386 | 749 | 116 | 309 | 15 | 9 | 339 | 116 | +11 | +3 | -1 | +2 | +12 | 3.1 |
| ▸ 2027 — real world (MLB) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 | 24 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 566 | 489 | 133 | 25 | 3 | 9 | 54 | 85 | 18 | 26 | 5 | 271 | 363 | 387 | 750 | 116 | 309 | 15 | 10 | 339 | 116 | +11 | +3 | -1 | +2 | +12 | 2.7 |
| ▸ Career projection (2028+) — MLB context, MLB playing time (PA × MLB%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 | 25 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 575 | 497 | 135 | 25 | 3 | 9 | 55 | 86 | 18 | 26 | 5 | 272 | 365 | 392 | 757 | 120 | 310 | 15 | 10 | 342 | 118 | +12 | +3 | -1 | +2 | +12 | 2.9 |
| 2029 | 26 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 575 | 497 | 135 | 25 | 3 | 9 | 55 | 86 | 18 | 26 | 5 | 272 | 365 | 392 | 756 | 120 | 309 | 15 | 10 | 342 | 118 | +12 | +3 | -1 | +2 | +12 | 2.9 |
| 2030 | 27 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 566 | 490 | 132 | 24 | 3 | 9 | 54 | 86 | 17 | 25 | 5 | 270 | 364 | 389 | 753 | 119 | 309 | 15 | 10 | 341 | 117 | +11 | +3 | -1 | +2 | +12 | 2.8 |
| 2031 | 28 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 556 | 481 | 130 | 24 | 3 | 9 | 53 | 85 | 17 | 22 | 5 | 268 | 361 | 384 | 745 | 116 | 308 | 15 | 10 | 338 | 115 | +10 | +2 | -2 | +2 | +12 | 2.5 |
| 2032 | 29 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 541 | 469 | 125 | 23 | 3 | 8 | 51 | 85 | 16 | 18 | 4 | 266 | 359 | 377 | 736 | 111 | 307 | 16 | 9 | 334 | 112 | +8 | +2 | -3 | +2 | +12 | 2.1 |
| 2033 | 30 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 526 | 455 | 120 | 22 | 3 | 7 | 50 | 84 | 16 | 15 | 3 | 262 | 355 | 369 | 723 | 106 | 305 | 16 | 10 | 329 | 109 | +6 | +2 | -3 | +2 | +11 | 1.8 |
| 2034 | 31 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 507 | 440 | 112 | 20 | 2 | 6 | 47 | 83 | 15 | 9 | 3 | 257 | 349 | 357 | 707 | 100 | 301 | 16 | 9 | 322 | 104 | +3 | +1 | -4 | +2 | +11 | 1.2 |
| 2035 | 32 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 485 | 423 | 106 | 19 | 2 | 5 | 45 | 82 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 251 | 342 | 342 | 684 | 92 | 296 | 17 | 9 | 314 | 98 | -1 | +0 | -5 | +2 | +11 | 0.7 |
| 2036 | 33 | MLB MLE | MIN | 100% | 450 | 393 | 95 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 41 | 78 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 242 | 333 | 324 | 658 | 82 | 290 | 17 | 9 | 303 | 91 | -5 | -0 | -5 | +2 | +10 | 0.1 |
| 2037 | 34 | MLB MLE | MIN | 96% | 391 | 342 | 80 | 13 | 1 | 3 | 35 | 71 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 232 | 322 | 304 | 626 | 71 | 282 | 18 | 9 | 290 | 82 | -8 | -0 | -6 | +1 | +8 | -0.4 |
| 2028 | 25 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 575 | 497 | 136 | 25 | 3 | 10 | 55 | 86 | 18 | 26 | 5 | 272 | 365 | 393 | 757 | 121 | 310 | 15 | 10 | 342 | 118 | +12 | +3 | -1 | +2 | +12 | 2.9 |
| 2029 | 26 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 575 | 497 | 136 | 25 | 3 | 10 | 55 | 86 | 18 | 26 | 5 | 272 | 365 | 392 | 757 | 121 | 309 | 15 | 10 | 342 | 118 | +12 | +3 | -1 | +2 | +12 | 2.9 |
| 2030 | 27 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 566 | 490 | 132 | 24 | 3 | 9 | 54 | 86 | 17 | 25 | 5 | 271 | 364 | 389 | 753 | 119 | 309 | 15 | 10 | 341 | 117 | +11 | +3 | -1 | +2 | +12 | 2.8 |
| 2031 | 28 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 556 | 481 | 130 | 24 | 3 | 9 | 53 | 85 | 17 | 22 | 5 | 269 | 362 | 384 | 746 | 116 | 308 | 15 | 10 | 338 | 115 | +10 | +2 | -2 | +2 | +12 | 2.5 |
| 2032 | 29 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 541 | 469 | 125 | 23 | 3 | 8 | 51 | 85 | 16 | 18 | 4 | 266 | 359 | 378 | 736 | 112 | 307 | 16 | 9 | 334 | 112 | +8 | +2 | -3 | +2 | +12 | 2.1 |
| 2033 | 30 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 526 | 455 | 120 | 22 | 3 | 7 | 50 | 84 | 16 | 15 | 3 | 262 | 355 | 369 | 724 | 107 | 305 | 16 | 10 | 329 | 109 | +6 | +2 | -3 | +2 | +11 | 1.8 |
| 2034 | 31 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 507 | 440 | 112 | 20 | 2 | 6 | 47 | 83 | 15 | 9 | 3 | 257 | 349 | 358 | 707 | 100 | 301 | 16 | 9 | 323 | 104 | +3 | +1 | -4 | +2 | +11 | 1.2 |
| 2035 | 32 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 485 | 423 | 106 | 19 | 2 | 5 | 45 | 82 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 251 | 342 | 343 | 685 | 92 | 296 | 17 | 9 | 314 | 98 | -1 | +0 | -5 | +2 | +11 | 0.7 |
| 2036 | 33 | MLB CTX | MIN | 100% | 450 | 393 | 95 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 41 | 78 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 243 | 333 | 325 | 658 | 82 | 290 | 17 | 9 | 303 | 91 | -5 | -0 | -5 | +2 | +10 | 0.1 |
| 2037 | 34 | MLB CTX | MIN | 96% | 373 | 327 | 76 | 12 | 1 | 3 | 33 | 68 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 232 | 322 | 304 | 626 | 71 | 282 | 18 | 9 | 290 | 82 | -8 | -0 | -6 | +1 | +8 | -0.4 |
| ▸ Career Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ▸ Career totals — MLB only (actual + projected) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career | — | A+C | — | 5981 | 5182 | 1372 | 252 | 29 | 85 | 562 | 939 | 182 | 182 | 44 | 265 | 357 | 374 | 731 | 109 | 307 | 16 | 9 | 332 | 110 | +74 | +19 | -33 | +22 | +130 | 21.6 | |
| / 162G | — | A+C | — | 650 | 563 | 148 | 27 | 3 | 9 | 61 | 102 | 20 | 20 | 5 | 263 | 356 | 369 | 725 | 107 | 305 | 16 | 9 | 332 | 110 | +8 | +2 | -4 | +2 | +14 | 2.3 | |
| Career | — | MLE | — | 7275 | 6294 | 1659 | 303 | 35 | 108 | 684 | 1182 | 225 | 251 | 57 | 264 | 357 | 374 | 731 | 111 | 307 | 16 | 9 | 331 | 110 | +85 | +22 | -35 | +24 | +142 | 24.3 | |
| / 162G | — | MLE | — | 650 | 562 | 148 | 27 | 3 | 10 | 61 | 106 | 20 | 22 | 5 | 263 | 356 | 375 | 732 | 112 | 306 | 16 | 9 | 331 | 110 | +8 | +2 | -3 | +2 | +14 | 2.4 | |
How the minor-league lines were translated
One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.
2025 AAASt. Paul Saints · 118 PAwOBA .331 → .306 (−25)K% 14.4% → 17.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 14.41% | ÷0.989 | ×1.200 | — | — | 17.48% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 14.41% | ÷1.022 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.050 | 10.21% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.69% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×1.050 | 1.67% |
| Singles /BIP | 26.92% | ÷0.944 | ×0.930 | ×0.972 | ×1.050 | 27.07% |
| Doubles /BIP | 2.56% | ÷0.938 | ×0.830 | ×0.972 | ×1.050 | 2.32% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.28% | ÷1.000 | ×0.970 | ×0.972 | ×1.050 | 1.27% |
| Home runs /BIP | 1.28% | ÷1.253 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.050 | 0.75% |
Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 151, 1B 89, 2B 88, 3B 100, K 98, BB 104 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 27.2 → +5.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (4.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.972.
Result: wOBA .331 → .306; ISO .074 → .062; BABIP .296 → .295. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2024 AAWichita Wind Surge · 267 PAwOBA .368 → .312 (−56)K% 19.1% → 24.2%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 19.10% | ÷0.964 | ×1.220 | — | — | 24.19% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 11.61% | ÷0.963 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.042 | 8.79% |
| HBP% /PA | 4.12% | — | ×0.870 | — | ×1.042 | 3.73% |
| Singles /BIP | 25.88% | ÷1.091 | ×0.920 | ×0.950 | ×1.042 | 21.61% |
| Doubles /BIP | 5.29% | ÷0.979 | ×0.840 | ×0.950 | ×1.042 | 4.50% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.59% | ÷1.126 | ×0.940 | ×0.950 | ×1.042 | 0.49% |
| Home runs /BIP | 4.71% | ÷0.845 | ×0.800 | — | ×1.042 | 4.64% |
Factors used: league row TL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 69, 1B 118, 2B 96, 3B 125, K 93, BB 93 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 24.8 → +4.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.
Result: wOBA .368 → .312; ISO .158 → .148; BABIP .327 → .274. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2024 A+Cedar Rapids Kernels · 197 PAwOBA .434 → .342 (−92)K% 14.7% → 19.2%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 14.72% | ÷0.972 | ×1.270 | — | — | 19.23% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 15.23% | ÷1.043 | ×0.710 | — | ×1.012 | 10.49% |
| HBP% /PA | 3.55% | — | ×0.790 | — | ×1.012 | 2.84% |
| Singles /BIP | 26.36% | ÷0.984 | ×0.920 | ×0.954 | ×1.012 | 23.78% |
| Doubles /BIP | 9.30% | ÷1.119 | ×0.810 | ×0.954 | ×1.012 | 6.50% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.146 | ×0.850 | ×0.954 | ×1.012 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 5.43% | ÷1.191 | ×0.800 | — | ×1.012 | 3.69% |
Factors used: league row Midwest League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 138, 1B 97, 2B 124, 3B 129, K 94, BB 109 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 22.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.954.
Result: wOBA .434 → .342; ISO .209 → .148; BABIP .371 → .309. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2023 AFort Myers Mighty Mussels · 94 PAwOBA .397 → .331 (−66)K% 21.3% → 29.9%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 21.28% | ÷0.969 | ×1.360 | — | — | 29.86% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 14.89% | ÷1.050 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.015 | 9.93% |
| HBP% /PA | 4.26% | — | ×0.780 | — | ×1.015 | 3.37% |
| Singles /BIP | 21.15% | ÷0.938 | ×0.920 | ×0.980 | ×1.015 | 20.62% |
| Doubles /BIP | 15.38% | ÷1.053 | ×0.830 | ×0.980 | ×1.015 | 12.06% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.92% | ÷0.900 | ×0.910 | ×0.980 | ×1.015 | 1.93% |
| Home runs /BIP | 1.92% | ÷0.976 | ×0.800 | — | ×1.015 | 1.60% |
Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 95, 1B 88, 2B 111, 3B 80, K 94, BB 110 — applied at half strength. Age: age 21 vs a level average of 22.0 → +1.5% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.0 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.980.
Result: wOBA .397 → .331; ISO .181 → .154; BABIP .370 → .333. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2023 A+Cedar Rapids Kernels · 34 PAwOBA .387 → .318 (−69)K% 8.8% → 11.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 8.82% | ÷0.977 | ×1.270 | — | — | 11.47% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 5.88% | ÷0.966 | ×0.710 | — | ×1.027 | 4.44% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.790 | — | ×1.027 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 20.69% | ÷0.989 | ×0.920 | — | ×1.027 | 19.77% |
| Doubles /BIP | 6.90% | ÷1.051 | ×0.810 | — | ×1.027 | 5.46% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.994 | ×0.850 | — | ×1.027 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 6.90% | ÷1.134 | ×0.800 | — | ×1.027 | 5.00% |
Factors used: league row Midwest League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 127, 1B 98, 2B 110, 3B 99, K 95, BB 93 — applied at half strength. Age: age 21 vs a level average of 22.8 → +2.7% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.8 yr younger than average).
Result: wOBA .387 → .318; ISO .250 → .183; BABIP .296 → .266. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).