Victor Mesa Jr.

RF Tampa Bay Rays
Age 25 L/L 5'11" / 195 lbs MLB HR -6%H +4% Svc 0.817 · Ctrl thru 2032
Overview
MLB40-MANPre-ArbFA 2033
YearAgeLvl / TeamPAAVG/OBP/SLGHRSBwRC+WARMLE AVG/OBP/SLG
202422AAAMIA355.259/.322/.43013576—.228/.276/.362
202523AAA/AMIA210.286/.354/.4607483—.241/.292/.385
202523MLBMIA38.188/.297/.3441086-0.3
202624AAATB101.307/.396/.55741105—.250/.317/.435
202624MLBTB262.260/.328/.4981491281.1
2027PROJ25MLBTB272.246/.317/.4271061080.6
2028PROJ92% MLB26MLBTB290.247/.318/.4311171100.7
2029PROJ92% MLB27MLBTB297.246/.317/.4281171090.7
Last 3 seasons WAR 0.8  ·  Next 3 projected WAR 2.0Projected rows: MLB playing time only, park and league context applied.
ContractESTIMATED
Control thru2032Service0.817First FA2033
2027Pre-Arb$0.8M2028Pre-Arb$0.8M2029Pre-Arb$0.8M2030Arb-1$2M2031Arb-2$3M2032Arb-3$3M
Skills · percentileStatcast 2025-2026
xwOBA68
Barrel%64
Speed63
Bat Spd63
Avg EV57
Form.264/.330/.469 ▲▲ rolling true talent (60d window) · proj .244/.313/.429
CompsLuis Urías (age 25) · Brad Miller (age 27) · Colby Rasmus (age 25)
2027 FULL-SEASON PROJECTIONstats below = full-season projection
showingPROJ
wRC+†108
AVG/OBP/SLG.246 / .317 / .427
PA272
HR10
SB6
K%22
BB%9
BABIP283
ISO184
MLB%100%
Value2027 · WAR
BAT: +2.7 runs (wOBA-derived runs vs avg)+3BATRUN: +0.7 runs (SB/CS + UBR baserunning)+1RUNFLD: -0.0 runs (Defensive runs vs avg)-0FLDPOS: -2.9 runs (Positional adjustment)-3POSREP: +5.9 runs (Replacement-level credit)+6REPTotal WAR: +1.20+1.2WAR
0.00.81.71.20.70.70.60.40.227282930313233343536
━ projected WAR━ paid WAR ($/8M) surplus deficit━ post-control+$21M ctrl surplus
Tools · Recent Form · ContractCON 60 / POW 60
Toolsscout grade · Statcast %ile · 2025-2026
CONTACT60
xAVG
440.246
POWER60
Barrel%
6410.3
Avg EV
5789.6
Bat Spd
6372.7
EYE50
scouting grade only
SPEED50
Sprint
6328.0
Recent Formrolling true talent ⓘ
K%18%▲▲16% over 83 PA (60d) · proj 22%
BB%9%·8% over 83 PA (60d) · proj 9%
ISO.206▲.250 over 76 AB (60d) · proj .185
HR/BB5.7%·6.3% over 63 BBE (60d) · proj 5.4%
BABIP.287▲.390 over 59 BIP (60d) · proj .280
SLASH.264/.330/.469▲▲proj .244/.313/.429
Contract ESTIMATED · service-time + WAR-based estimator (needs verification)
Status   Pre-Arb
MLB Debut   2025
Service   0.817 yrs.days
Team Control Through   2032
First FA Year   2033
YearStatusSalary Proj WAR Value Surplus
2027Pre-Arb$0.8M+1.2$10M+$9M
2028Pre-Arb$0.8M+0.7$3M+$2M
2029Pre-Arb$0.8M+0.7$2M+$2M
2030Arb-1$2M+0.6$2M+$0.5M
2031Arb-2$3M+0.4$1M+$0.0M (cut)
2032Arb-3$3M+0.2$0.5M+$0.0M (cut)
Totals $4M $18M +$13M

Career Stats + Projections

Real MLB stats plus park-adjusted projections — this season (so far / rest / full), then future seasons and career totals.
basis chips: RAW = as recorded · CTX = with park/league context · A+C = actual + context combined · MLE = level/park-neutral
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built

All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.

YearAge LvlTeam MLB% PAAB H2B3BHR BBSOHBP SBCS AVGOBPSLGOPS ISOBABIP K%BB% wOBAwRC+ BATRUNFLDPOSREP WAR
▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments)
201917 ROKGCL Marlins — 207176 50941 24291 74 284371398769 114327 1412 339 55 — — — — — —
202119 AJupiter Hammerheads — 474428 11421115 331023 125 266323402725 136329 227 317 61 — — — — — —
202220 A+Beloit Sky Carp — 525460 1122635 531004 104 243327346673 102296 1910 303 61 — — — — — —
202220 INTLMesa Solar Sox — 6758 12132 8141 01 207313431744 224238 2112 329 109 — — — — — —
202321 AAPensacola Blue Wahoos — 533483 11724218 411226 163 242309412721 170287 238 320 61 — — — — — —
202422 AAAJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp — 355321 8314113 28772 52 259322430752 171299 228 331 76 — — — — — —
202523 MLBMiami Marlins — 3832 6201 550 00 188297344641 156192 1313 286 86 -1 +0 -0 -3 +1 -0.3
202523 AAAJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp — 171153 46917 17280 41 301371510880 209328 1610 385 97 — — — — — —
202523 AJupiter Hammerheads — 3936 8100 241 00 222282250532 28250 105 250 23 — — — — — —
202624 MLBTampa Bay Rays — 262235 618314 23531 94 260328498826 238278 209 357 128 +9 +0 +0 -4 +6 1.1
202624 AAADurham Bulls — 10188 27814 13240 16 307396557953 250383 2413 415 105 — — — — — —
▸ Career Totals (raw MLB only — historical actual)
MLB Career— — 300267 6710315 28581 94 251324479804 228267 199 348 122 +8 +0 -0 -7 +6 0.8
▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents)
201917 ROK MLEGCL Marlins — 207186 39631 15421 74 210272290563 81252 207 250 55 — — — — — —
202119 A MLEJupiter Hammerheads — 474437 9714104 241363 125 222267327594 105291 295 259 61 — — — — — —
202220 A+ MLEBeloit Sky Carp — 525475 1022325 381254 104 215279303582 88271 247 258 61 — — — — — —
202321 AA MLEPensacola Blue Wahoos — 533496 10223213 281506 163 206257339595 133262 285 258 61 — — — — — —
202422 AAA MLEJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp — 355329 7512110 20932 52 228276362638 134281 266 280 76 — — — — — —
202523 MLB MLEMiami Marlins — 3832 6201 550 00 188297344641 156192 1313 296 86 -1 +0 -0 -3 +1 -0.3
202523 AAA MLEJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp — 171158 40716 12340 41 253306424730 171284 207 311 97 — — — — — —
202523 A MLEJupiter Hammerheads — 3937 7100 151 00 189231216447 27220 133 202 23 — — — — — —
202624 MLB MLETampa Bay Rays — 262235 608314 23531 94 255324494818 238278 209 358 128 +9 +0 +0 -4 +6 1.1
202624 AAA MLEDurham Bulls — 10192 23613 9290 16 250317435752 185331 299 323 105 — — — — — —
201917 ROK MLEGCL Marlins — 207186 39631 15421 74 210272290563 81259 207 250 55 — — — — — —
201917 ROK RAWGCL Marlins — 207176 50941 24291 74 284371398769 114327 1412 339 55 — — — — — —
202119 A MLEJupiter Hammerheads — 474437 9714104 241363 125 222267327594 105303 295 259 61 — — — — — —
202119 A RAWJupiter Hammerheads — 474428 11421115 331023 125 266323402725 136329 227 317 61 — — — — — —
202220 A+ MLE2 teams — 592536 1152535 431415 105 215279300579 86278 247 258 61 — — — — — —
202220 A+ RAW2 teams — 592518 1242767 611145 105 239325355681 116290 1910 306 61 — — — — — —
202321 AA MLEPensacola Blue Wahoos — 533496 10223213 281506 163 206257339595 133266 285 258 61 — — — — — —
202321 AA RAWPensacola Blue Wahoos — 533483 11724218 411226 163 242309412721 170287 238 320 61 — — — — — —
202422 AAA MLEJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp — 355329 7512110 20932 52 228276362638 134284 266 280 76 — — — — — —
202422 AAA RAWJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp — 355321 8314113 28772 52 259322430752 171299 228 331 76 — — — — — —
202523 AAA MLE3 teams — 248227 531017 18451 41 233293379672 145261 187 292 83 — — — — — —
202523 AAA RAW3 teams — 248221 601218 24371 41 271346443789 172294 1510 349 83 — — — — — —
202624 MLB MLE2 teams — 363327 8415417 32821 1010 257325483808 226293 239 348 122 +9 -2 +0 -4 +8 1.2
202624 MLB RAW2 teams — 363323 8816418 36771 1010 272347514861 241306 2110 373 122 +9 -2 +0 -4 +8 1.2
201917 ROK MLEGCL Marlins — 207189 39631 15421 74 206272286558 79252 207 250 55 — — — — — —
202119 A MLEJupiter Hammerheads — 474444 9714104 241363 125 218267322589 104291 295 259 61 — — — — — —
202220 A+ MLE2 teams — 592539 1152535 431415 105 213279299578 85271 247 258 61 — — — — — —
202321 AA MLEPensacola Blue Wahoos — 533494 10223213 281506 163 206257340597 134262 285 258 61 — — — — — —
202422 AAA MLEJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp — 355330 7512110 20932 52 227276361637 133281 266 280 76 — — — — — —
202523 AAA MLE3 teams — 248227 531017 18451 41 233293379672 145260 187 292 83 — — — — — —
202624 MLB MLE2 teams — 363327 8415417 32821 1010 257325483808 226293 239 348 122 — — — — — —
▸ Model inputs — neutral MLE (past 3 seasons)
202422 AAA MLEJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp — 355330 7512110 20932 52 227276361637 133281 266 280 76 — — — — — —
202523 AAA MLE3 teams — 248227 531017 18451 41 233293379672 145260 187 292 83 — — — — — —
202624 MLB MLE2 teams — 363327 8415417 32821 1010 257325483808 226293 239 348 122 — — — — — —
▸ 2027 season
▸ 2027 — full MLE projection (neutral park, full availability)
202725 MLB MLETB 100% 380341 8315314 34832 92 244316429745 185280 229 328 108 +4 +1 -0 -4 +8 1.2
▸ 2027 — real world (MLB)
202725 MLB CTXTB 100% 272245 6111210 24591 62 246317427744 181283 229 328 108 +3 +0 -0 -3 +6 0.6
▸ Career projection (2028+) — MLB context, MLB playing time (PA × MLB%)
202826 MLB MLETB 92% 315282 7013212 28682 72 245317433750 188280 229 330 110 +4 +1 -0 -3 +7 0.8
202927 MLB MLETB 92% 323289 7113212 29712 72 244316431747 186280 229 329 109 +3 +1 -0 -3 +7 0.8
203028 MLB MLETB 92% 324290 7113212 29722 62 243314426740 184279 229 326 107 +3 +0 -1 -3 +7 0.6
203129 MLB MLETB 92% 314282 6712211 28701 51 241311420732 180278 229 323 105 +2 +1 -1 -3 +7 0.4
203230 MLB MLETB 92% 305274 6612211 27691 31 238308413721 175277 239 319 102 +1 +0 -2 -3 +7 0.2
203331 MLB MLETB 92% 286258 6111210 25661 11 234303404707 170274 239 313 98 -1 -0 -3 -3 +6 -0.1
203432 MLB MLETB 92% 263238 561029 22621 11 229298391689 163271 248 306 93 -2 -0 -4 -3 +6 -0.3
203533 MLB MLETB 92% 232210 46817 19561 10 223290376667 154266 248 296 87 -4 +0 -4 -2 +5 -0.5
202826 MLB CTXTB 92% 290261 6411211 26631 72 247318431749 184283 229 330 110 +3 +1 -0 -3 +6 0.7
202927 MLB CTXTB 92% 297268 6612211 26651 72 246317428745 183283 229 329 109 +3 +1 -0 -3 +6 0.7
203028 MLB CTXTB 92% 298269 6612211 26661 61 244315424739 180282 229 326 107 +2 +1 -1 -3 +6 0.6
203129 MLB CTXTB 92% 289261 6311210 25651 41 242313418731 176281 229 323 105 +2 +0 -1 -3 +6 0.4
203230 MLB CTXTB 92% 281253 6111210 25641 31 239309411720 172280 239 319 102 +1 +0 -2 -3 +6 0.2
203331 MLB CTXTB 92% 263237 571029 23611 11 235305402707 167277 239 313 98 -1 -0 -3 -3 +6 -0.1
203432 MLB CTXTB 92% 242218 51928 21571 10 230299390688 159274 249 306 93 -2 +0 -3 -3 +5 -0.2
203533 MLB CTXTB 92% 213192 42716 18511 10 224292375666 151269 248 297 87 -3 +0 -4 -2 +5 -0.5
▸ Career Totals
▸ Career totals — MLB only (actual + projected)
Career— A+C — 24732226 537931891 2185509 3912 241311422733 181280 229 322 87 +13 +3 -14 -30 +54 2.6
/ 162G— A+C — 650585 14124524 571452 103 241310422732 181280 229 322 87 +3 +1 -4 -8 +14 0.7
Career— MLE — 54064906 113320841151 411128231 10142 231295382677 151279 248 297 87 +16 +3 -15 -35 +64 3.3
/ 162G— MLE — 650590 13625518 491544 125 231294381675 151279 248 297 87 +4 +1 -3 -8 +14 0.7

How the minor-league lines were translated

One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.

2026 AAADurham Bulls · 101 PAwOBA .404 → .323 (−82)K% 23.8% → 28.5%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA23.76%÷1.000×1.200——28.51%
BB% (unintentional) /PA12.87%÷1.000×0.690—×1.0339.17%
HBP% /PA0.00%—×0.940—×1.0330.00%
Singles /BIP21.88%÷1.000×0.930×0.950×1.03319.96%
Doubles /BIP12.50%÷1.000×0.830×0.950×1.03310.18%
Triples /BIP1.56%÷1.000×0.970×0.950×1.0331.49%
Home runs /BIP6.25%÷1.000×0.700—×1.0334.52%

Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 27.2 → +3.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.

Result: wOBA .404 → .323; ISO .250 → .191; BABIP .383 → .331. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2025 AAAJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp · 171 PAwOBA .377 → .311 (−65)K% 16.4% → 20.1%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA16.37%÷0.978×1.200——20.08%
BB% (unintentional) /PA9.94%÷1.027×0.690—×1.0487.00%
HBP% /PA0.00%—×0.940—×1.0480.00%
Singles /BIP23.20%÷1.051×0.930×0.966×1.04820.78%
Doubles /BIP7.20%÷1.023×0.830×0.966×1.0485.91%
Triples /BIP0.80%÷1.150×0.970×0.966×1.0480.68%
Home runs /BIP5.60%÷0.903×0.700—×1.0484.55%

Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 81, 1B 110, 2B 105, 3B 130, K 96, BB 105 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 27.2 → +4.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (3.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.966.

Result: wOBA .377 → .311; ISO .209 → .171; BABIP .328 → .284. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2025 AJupiter Hammerheads · 39 PAwOBA .244 → .202 (−41)K% 10.3% → 13.8%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA10.26%÷1.014×1.360——13.75%
BB% (unintentional) /PA5.13%÷1.018×0.690—×0.9803.41%
HBP% /PA2.56%—×0.780—×0.9801.96%
Singles /BIP21.88%÷1.019×0.920—×0.98019.36%
Doubles /BIP3.12%÷0.947×0.830—×0.9802.68%
Triples /BIP0.00%÷0.900×0.910—×0.9800.00%
Home runs /BIP0.00%÷1.035×0.800—×0.9800.00%

Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 107, 1B 104, 2B 89, 3B 80, K 103, BB 104 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 22.0 → −2.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.0 yr older than average).

Result: wOBA .244 → .202; ISO .028 → .024; BABIP .250 → .220. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2024 AAAJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp · 355 PAwOBA .324 → .280 (−44)K% 21.7% → 26.1%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA21.69%÷0.999×1.200——26.05%
BB% (unintentional) /PA7.89%÷1.005×0.690—×1.0505.69%
HBP% /PA0.56%—×0.940—×1.0500.56%
Singles /BIP22.54%÷1.016×0.930×1.000×1.05021.67%
Doubles /BIP5.74%÷0.970×0.830×1.000×1.0505.16%
Triples /BIP0.41%÷0.985×0.970×1.000×1.0500.42%
Home runs /BIP5.33%÷0.925×0.700—×1.0504.23%

Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 85, 1B 103, 2B 94, 3B 97, K 100, BB 101 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 27.2 → +5.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (4.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.000.

Result: wOBA .324 → .280; ISO .171 → .140; BABIP .299 → .281. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2023 AAPensacola Blue Wahoos · 533 PAwOBA .313 → .258 (−54)K% 22.9% → 28.2%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA22.89%÷0.990×1.220——28.20%
BB% (unintentional) /PA7.69%÷1.056×0.680—×1.0425.16%
HBP% /PA1.13%—×0.840—×1.0420.99%
Singles /BIP20.22%÷1.052×0.920×0.992×1.04218.28%
Doubles /BIP6.65%÷0.947×0.910×0.992×1.0426.61%
Triples /BIP0.55%÷1.097×0.880×0.992×1.0420.46%
Home runs /BIP4.99%÷1.091×0.800—×1.0423.81%

Factors used: league row SL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 118, 1B 110, 2B 89, 3B 119, K 98, BB 111 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 24.8 → +4.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.992.

Result: wOBA .313 → .258; ISO .170 → .137; BABIP .287 → .262. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2022 A+Beloit Sky Carp · 525 PAwOBA .298 → .258 (−40)K% 19.0% → 23.9%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA19.05%÷1.011×1.270——23.93%
BB% (unintentional) /PA9.90%÷0.983×0.710—×1.0277.34%
HBP% /PA0.76%—×0.790—×1.0270.62%
Singles /BIP21.67%÷1.010×0.920×0.999×1.02720.24%
Doubles /BIP7.22%÷0.950×0.810×0.999×1.0276.32%
Triples /BIP0.83%÷1.068×0.850×0.999×1.0270.68%
Home runs /BIP1.39%÷0.885×0.800—×1.0271.29%

Factors used: league row Midwest League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 77, 1B 102, 2B 90, 3B 114, K 102, BB 97 — applied at half strength. Age: age 21 vs a level average of 22.8 → +2.7% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.999.

Result: wOBA .298 → .258; ISO .102 → .090; BABIP .296 → .271. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2021 AJupiter Hammerheads · 474 PAwOBA .315 → .259 (−56)K% 21.5% → 28.7%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA21.52%÷1.021×1.360——28.65%
BB% (unintentional) /PA6.96%÷0.993×0.690—×1.0304.98%
HBP% /PA0.63%—×0.780—×1.0300.51%
Singles /BIP23.62%÷0.993×0.920×0.981×1.03022.11%
Doubles /BIP6.44%÷1.226×0.830×0.981×1.0304.41%
Triples /BIP3.37%÷0.996×0.910×0.981×1.0303.11%
Home runs /BIP1.53%÷0.891×0.800—×1.0301.42%

Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 78, 1B 99, 2B 145, 3B 99, K 104, BB 99 — applied at half strength. Age: age 20 vs a level average of 22.0 → +3.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.0 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.981.

Result: wOBA .315 → .259; ISO .136 → .109; BABIP .329 → .291. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2019 ROKGCL Marlins · 207 PAwOBA .337 → .250 (−87)K% 14.0% → 20.2%
ComponentRawPark ÷Level factor ×GB/FB ×Age ×= MLE
K% /PA14.01%÷1.000×1.440——20.17%
BB% (unintentional) /PA11.59%÷1.000×0.620—×1.0227.35%
HBP% /PA0.48%—×0.720—×1.0220.36%
Singles /BIP24.49%÷1.000×0.820×0.950×1.02219.51%
Doubles /BIP6.12%÷1.000×0.720×0.950×1.0224.28%
Triples /BIP2.72%÷1.000×0.720×0.950×1.0221.90%
Home runs /BIP0.68%÷1.000×0.780—×1.0220.54%

Factors used: level-wide ROK factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 18 vs a level average of 19.5 → +2.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.5 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.

Result: wOBA .337 → .250; ISO .114 → .082; BABIP .327 → .252. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

Not traceable per stint: some stints lack the counting stats the component translation needs. Level-wide factors that apply instead — .