Joe Donovan
| Year | Age | Lvl / Team | PA | AVG/OBP/SLG | HR | SB | wRC+ | WAR | MLE AVG/OBP/SLG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 23 | ALynchburg Hil… | 211 | .200/.292/.362 | 6 | 2 | 30 | — | .147/.225/.258 |
| 2023 | 24 | AA/A+CLE | 224 | .251/.318/.409 | 5 | 0 | 55 | — | .208/.269/.339 |
| 2024 | 25 | AACLE | 27 | .115/.148/.154 | 0 | 0 | -46 | — | .115/.148/.154 |
Career Stats + Projections
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built
All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve. Catcher framing: only 2027 Statcast framing is modeled (Baseball Savant server-caches the leaderboard to the current season); prior-year framing is unmodeled — projections for established framers may run 1-3 WAR low.
| Year | Age | Lvl | Team | MLB% | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | HBP | SB | CS | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | ISO | BABIP | K% | BB% | wOBA | wRC+ | BAT | RUN | FLD | POS | REP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 22 | A+ | Lake County Captains | — | 135 | 115 | 19 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 46 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 165 | 289 | 313 | 602 | 148 | 231 | 34 | 10 | 281 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 23 | A | Lynchburg Hillcats | — | 211 | 185 | 37 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 18 | 59 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 200 | 292 | 362 | 654 | 162 | 254 | 28 | 9 | 294 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 24 | AA | Akron RubberDucks | — | 46 | 45 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 289 | 304 | 400 | 704 | 111 | 406 | 28 | 2 | 311 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 24 | A+ | Lake County Captains | — | 178 | 158 | 38 | 10 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 49 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 241 | 322 | 411 | 733 | 171 | 314 | 28 | 7 | 327 | 53 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 25 | AA | Akron RubberDucks | — | 27 | 26 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 | 148 | 154 | 302 | 38 | 231 | 48 | 4 | 140 | -46 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 22 | A+ MLE | Lake County Captains | — | 135 | 119 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 60 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 118 | 222 | 202 | 424 | 84 | 204 | 44 | 7 | 200 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 23 | A MLE | Lynchburg Hillcats | — | 211 | 190 | 28 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 82 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 147 | 225 | 258 | 483 | 111 | 215 | 39 | 6 | 212 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 24 | AA MLE | Akron RubberDucks | — | 46 | 45 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 267 | 283 | 378 | 660 | 111 | 393 | 35 | 2 | 262 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 24 | A+ MLE | Lake County Captains | — | 178 | 161 | 31 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 61 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 193 | 266 | 329 | 595 | 137 | 263 | 34 | 5 | 247 | 53 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 25 | AA MLE | Akron RubberDucks | — | 27 | 26 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 | 148 | 154 | 302 | 38 | 220 | 59 | 4 | 100 | -46 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 22 | A+ MLE | Lake County Captains | — | 135 | 119 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 60 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 118 | 222 | 202 | 424 | 84 | 211 | 44 | 7 | 200 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 22 | A+ RAW | Lake County Captains | — | 135 | 115 | 19 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 46 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 165 | 289 | 313 | 602 | 148 | 231 | 34 | 10 | 281 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 23 | A MLE | Lynchburg Hillcats | — | 211 | 190 | 28 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 82 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 147 | 225 | 258 | 483 | 111 | 226 | 39 | 6 | 212 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 23 | A RAW | Lynchburg Hillcats | — | 211 | 185 | 37 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 18 | 59 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 200 | 292 | 362 | 654 | 162 | 254 | 28 | 9 | 294 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 24 | A+ MLE | 2 teams | — | 224 | 207 | 42 | 11 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 77 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 203 | 260 | 324 | 584 | 121 | 299 | 34 | 4 | 250 | 55 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 24 | A+ RAW | 2 teams | — | 224 | 203 | 51 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 13 | 62 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 251 | 318 | 409 | 727 | 158 | 336 | 28 | 6 | 324 | 55 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 25 | AA MLE | Akron RubberDucks | — | 27 | 26 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 | 148 | 154 | 302 | 38 | 300 | 59 | 4 | 100 | -46 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 25 | AA RAW | Akron RubberDucks | — | 27 | 26 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 | 148 | 154 | 302 | 38 | 231 | 48 | 4 | 140 | -46 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 22 | A+ MLE | Lake County Captains | — | 135 | 118 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 60 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 119 | 222 | 203 | 426 | 85 | 204 | 44 | 7 | 200 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 23 | A MLE | Lynchburg Hillcats | — | 211 | 190 | 28 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 82 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 147 | 225 | 258 | 483 | 111 | 215 | 39 | 6 | 212 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 24 | A+ MLE | 2 teams | — | 224 | 206 | 42 | 11 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 77 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 204 | 260 | 325 | 585 | 121 | 290 | 34 | 4 | 250 | 55 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 25 | AA MLE | Akron RubberDucks | — | 27 | 26 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 | 148 | 154 | 302 | 38 | 220 | 59 | 4 | 100 | -46 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Model inputs — neutral MLE (past 3 seasons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 25 | AA MLE | Akron RubberDucks | — | 27 | 26 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 115 | 148 | 154 | 302 | 38 | 220 | 59 | 4 | 100 | -46 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career | — | MLE | — | 597 | 542 | 87 | 21 | 3 | 10 | 32 | 235 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 161 | 234 | 266 | 500 | 105 | 257 | 39 | 5 | 219 | 34 | -47 | +1 | +0 | +11 | +13 | -2.3 | |
| / 162G | — | MLE | — | 650 | 590 | 95 | 23 | 3 | 11 | 35 | 256 | 22 | 5 | 0 | 161 | 235 | 266 | 501 | 105 | 258 | 39 | 5 | 219 | 34 | -51 | +1 | +0 | +12 | +14 | -2.5 | |
How the minor-league lines were translated
One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.
2024 AAAkron RubberDucks · 27 PAwOBA .137 → .100 (−37)K% 48.1% → 60.0%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 48.15% | ÷0.980 | ×1.220 | — | — | 59.95% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 3.70% | ÷0.987 | ×0.700 | — | ×0.998 | 2.62% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.850 | — | ×0.998 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 15.38% | ÷0.993 | ×0.970 | — | ×0.998 | 15.00% |
| Doubles /BIP | 7.69% | ÷0.944 | ×0.860 | — | ×0.998 | 6.99% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.023 | ×0.950 | — | ×0.998 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.966 | ×0.780 | — | ×0.998 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 93, 1B 99, 2B 89, 3B 105, K 96, BB 97 — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 24.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average).
Result: wOBA .137 → .100; ISO .038 → .027; BABIP .231 → .220. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2023 A+Lake County Captains · 178 PAwOBA .321 → .247 (−74)K% 27.5% → 34.0%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 27.53% | ÷1.028 | ×1.270 | — | — | 34.02% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 6.74% | ÷0.971 | ×0.710 | — | ×0.988 | 4.87% |
| HBP% /PA | 3.93% | — | ×0.790 | — | ×0.988 | 3.07% |
| Singles /BIP | 20.18% | ÷1.011 | ×0.920 | ×0.950 | ×0.988 | 17.24% |
| Doubles /BIP | 9.17% | ÷0.900 | ×0.810 | ×0.950 | ×0.988 | 7.75% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.92% | ÷1.150 | ×0.850 | ×0.950 | ×0.988 | 0.64% |
| Home runs /BIP | 4.59% | ÷1.060 | ×0.800 | — | ×0.988 | 3.42% |
Factors used: league row Midwest League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 112, 1B 102, 2B 80, 3B 130, K 106, BB 94 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 22.8 → −1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.
Result: wOBA .321 → .247; ISO .171 → .126; BABIP .314 → .263. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2023 AAAkron RubberDucks · 46 PAwOBA .302 → .262 (−40)K% 28.3% → 35.3%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 28.26% | ÷0.977 | ×1.220 | — | — | 35.27% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 2.17% | ÷0.988 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.012 | 1.56% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.850 | — | ×1.012 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 28.12% | ÷0.995 | ×0.970 | — | ×1.012 | 27.74% |
| Doubles /BIP | 9.38% | ÷0.933 | ×0.860 | — | ×1.012 | 8.74% |
| Triples /BIP | 3.12% | ÷1.053 | ×0.950 | — | ×1.012 | 2.85% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.909 | ×0.780 | — | ×1.012 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 82, 1B 99, 2B 87, 3B 111, K 95, BB 98 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 24.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average).
Result: wOBA .302 → .262; ISO .111 → .093; BABIP .406 → .393. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2022 ALynchburg Hillcats · 211 PAwOBA .289 → .212 (−77)K% 28.0% → 38.8%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 27.96% | ÷0.981 | ×1.360 | — | — | 38.75% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 8.53% | ÷0.973 | ×0.690 | — | ×0.990 | 5.99% |
| HBP% /PA | 2.84% | — | ×0.780 | — | ×0.990 | 2.20% |
| Singles /BIP | 15.87% | ÷0.988 | ×0.920 | ×0.956 | ×0.990 | 13.99% |
| Doubles /BIP | 7.94% | ÷0.955 | ×0.830 | ×0.956 | ×0.990 | 6.53% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.79% | ÷1.150 | ×0.910 | ×0.956 | ×0.990 | 0.59% |
| Home runs /BIP | 4.76% | ÷1.015 | ×0.800 | — | ×0.990 | 3.71% |
Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 103, 1B 98, 2B 91, 3B 130, K 96, BB 95 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 22.0 → −1.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.0 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.956.
Result: wOBA .289 → .212; ISO .162 → .114; BABIP .254 → .215. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2021 A+Lake County Captains · 135 PAwOBA .274 → .200 (−75)K% 34.1% → 44.8%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 34.07% | ÷1.026 | ×1.350 | — | — | 44.83% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 9.63% | ÷1.017 | ×0.710 | — | ×1.012 | 6.80% |
| HBP% /PA | 5.19% | — | ×0.810 | — | ×1.012 | 4.25% |
| Singles /BIP | 15.94% | ÷1.041 | ×0.910 | ×1.016 | ×1.012 | 14.33% |
| Doubles /BIP | 4.35% | ÷0.941 | ×0.830 | ×1.016 | ×1.012 | 3.95% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.45% | ÷0.900 | ×0.820 | ×1.016 | ×1.012 | 1.36% |
| Home runs /BIP | 5.80% | ÷1.222 | ×0.830 | — | ×1.012 | 3.98% |
Factors used: level-wide A+ factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 144, 1B 108, 2B 88, 3B 80, K 105, BB 103 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 22.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.016.
Result: wOBA .274 → .200; ISO .148 → .096; BABIP .231 → .204. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).