Jordy Barley
| Year | Age | Lvl / Team | PA | AVG/OBP/SLG | HR | SB | wRC+ | WAR | MLE AVG/OBP/SLG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 22 | A+WSH | 319 | .203/.259/.288 | 2 | 34 | 2 | — | .145/.183/.201 |
| 2023 | 23 | AAA/A+WSH | 263 | .240/.314/.361 | 5 | 31 | 36 | — | .183/.236/.278 |
| 2024 | 24 | AAWSH | 129 | .157/.289/.231 | 2 | 10 | 19 | — | .139/.227/.209 |
Career Stats + Projections
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built
All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.
| Year | Age | Lvl | Team | MLB% | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | HBP | SB | CS | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | ISO | BABIP | K% | BB% | wOBA | wRC+ | BAT | RUN | FLD | POS | REP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 17 | ROK | AZL Padres | — | 195 | 182 | 44 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 65 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 242 | 292 | 434 | 726 | 192 | 354 | 33 | 6 | 318 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 18 | ROK | AZL Padres 2 | — | 218 | 195 | 39 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 59 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 200 | 274 | 328 | 603 | 128 | 259 | 27 | 7 | 271 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 19 | INTL | Canberra Cavalry | — | 67 | 62 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 19 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 274 | 328 | 452 | 780 | 177 | 366 | 28 | 7 | 344 | 119 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 21 | A | Fredericksburg Nationals | — | 420 | 364 | 83 | 14 | 2 | 10 | 48 | 125 | 6 | 45 | 11 | 228 | 328 | 360 | 688 | 132 | 316 | 30 | 11 | 313 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ | Wilmington Blue Rocks | — | 319 | 295 | 60 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 22 | 100 | 0 | 34 | 4 | 203 | 259 | 288 | 547 | 85 | 297 | 31 | 7 | 248 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | AAA | Rochester Red Wings | — | 60 | 53 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 24 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 283 | 356 | 396 | 752 | 113 | 481 | 40 | 10 | 335 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | A+ | Wilmington Blue Rocks | — | 203 | 180 | 41 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 67 | 2 | 22 | 3 | 228 | 302 | 350 | 652 | 122 | 336 | 33 | 8 | 290 | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 24 | AA | Harrisburg Senators | — | 129 | 108 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 44 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 157 | 289 | 231 | 521 | 74 | 242 | 34 | 16 | 252 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 17 | ROK MLE | AZL Padres | — | 195 | 186 | 27 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 94 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 145 | 185 | 258 | 443 | 113 | 265 | 48 | 4 | 188 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 18 | ROK MLE | AZL Padres 2 | — | 218 | 201 | 27 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 85 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 134 | 191 | 219 | 410 | 85 | 196 | 39 | 4 | 177 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 21 | A MLE | Fredericksburg Nationals | — | 420 | 383 | 65 | 11 | 2 | 6 | 29 | 176 | 6 | 45 | 11 | 170 | 239 | 256 | 495 | 86 | 282 | 42 | 7 | 221 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ MLE | Wilmington Blue Rocks | — | 319 | 303 | 44 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 131 | 0 | 34 | 4 | 145 | 183 | 201 | 384 | 56 | 244 | 41 | 4 | 171 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | AAA MLE | Rochester Red Wings | — | 60 | 54 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 29 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 222 | 288 | 278 | 566 | 56 | 461 | 48 | 8 | 262 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | A+ MLE | Wilmington Blue Rocks | — | 203 | 187 | 32 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 90 | 2 | 22 | 3 | 171 | 221 | 278 | 499 | 107 | 281 | 44 | 5 | 209 | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 24 | AA MLE | Harrisburg Senators | — | 129 | 115 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 53 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 139 | 227 | 209 | 435 | 70 | 231 | 41 | 10 | 196 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 17 | ROK MLE | AZL Padres | — | 195 | 186 | 27 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 94 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 145 | 185 | 258 | 443 | 113 | 270 | 48 | 4 | 188 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 17 | ROK RAW | AZL Padres | — | 195 | 182 | 44 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 65 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 242 | 292 | 434 | 726 | 192 | 354 | 33 | 6 | 318 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 18 | ROK MLE | AZL Padres 2 | — | 218 | 201 | 27 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 85 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 134 | 191 | 219 | 410 | 85 | 207 | 39 | 4 | 177 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 18 | ROK RAW | AZL Padres 2 | — | 218 | 195 | 39 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 59 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 200 | 274 | 328 | 603 | 128 | 259 | 27 | 7 | 271 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 19 | INTL MLE | Canberra Cavalry | — | 67 | 62 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 19 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 274 | 328 | 452 | 780 | 177 | 366 | 28 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 19 | INTL RAW | Canberra Cavalry | — | 67 | 62 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 19 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 274 | 328 | 452 | 780 | 177 | 366 | 28 | 7 | 344 | 119 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 21 | A MLE | Fredericksburg Nationals | — | 420 | 383 | 65 | 11 | 2 | 6 | 29 | 176 | 6 | 45 | 11 | 170 | 239 | 256 | 495 | 86 | 291 | 42 | 7 | 221 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 21 | A RAW | Fredericksburg Nationals | — | 420 | 364 | 83 | 14 | 2 | 10 | 48 | 125 | 6 | 45 | 11 | 228 | 328 | 360 | 688 | 132 | 316 | 30 | 11 | 313 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ MLE | Wilmington Blue Rocks | — | 319 | 303 | 44 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 131 | 0 | 34 | 4 | 145 | 183 | 201 | 384 | 56 | 249 | 41 | 4 | 171 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ RAW | Wilmington Blue Rocks | — | 319 | 295 | 60 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 22 | 100 | 0 | 34 | 4 | 203 | 259 | 288 | 547 | 85 | 297 | 31 | 7 | 248 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | A+ MLE | 2 teams | — | 263 | 241 | 45 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 120 | 2 | 31 | 5 | 187 | 240 | 282 | 522 | 95 | 342 | 46 | 6 | 221 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | A+ RAW | 2 teams | — | 263 | 233 | 56 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 23 | 91 | 2 | 31 | 5 | 240 | 314 | 361 | 674 | 120 | 364 | 35 | 9 | 300 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 24 | AA MLE | Harrisburg Senators | — | 129 | 115 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 53 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 139 | 227 | 209 | 435 | 70 | 233 | 41 | 10 | 196 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 24 | AA RAW | Harrisburg Senators | — | 129 | 108 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 44 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 157 | 289 | 231 | 521 | 74 | 242 | 34 | 16 | 252 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 17 | ROK MLE | AZL Padres | — | 195 | 184 | 27 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 94 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 147 | 185 | 261 | 445 | 114 | 265 | 48 | 4 | 188 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 18 | ROK MLE | AZL Padres 2 | — | 218 | 202 | 27 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 85 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 134 | 191 | 218 | 409 | 84 | 196 | 39 | 4 | 177 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 21 | A MLE | Fredericksburg Nationals | — | 420 | 382 | 65 | 11 | 2 | 6 | 29 | 176 | 6 | 45 | 11 | 170 | 239 | 257 | 496 | 86 | 282 | 42 | 7 | 221 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 22 | A+ MLE | Wilmington Blue Rocks | — | 319 | 302 | 44 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 131 | 0 | 34 | 4 | 146 | 183 | 202 | 385 | 56 | 244 | 41 | 4 | 171 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 23 | A+ MLE | 2 teams | — | 263 | 244 | 45 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 120 | 2 | 31 | 5 | 184 | 240 | 279 | 519 | 94 | 322 | 46 | 6 | 221 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 24 | AA MLE | Harrisburg Senators | — | 129 | 115 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 53 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 139 | 227 | 209 | 435 | 70 | 231 | 41 | 10 | 196 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Model inputs — neutral MLE (past 3 seasons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 24 | AA MLE | Harrisburg Senators | — | 129 | 115 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 53 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 139 | 227 | 209 | 435 | 70 | 231 | 41 | 10 | 196 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career | — | MLE | — | 1611 | 1491 | 241 | 43 | 12 | 21 | 92 | 678 | 15 | 143 | 32 | 162 | 218 | 249 | 467 | 87 | 274 | 42 | 6 | 190 | 15 | -163 | +16 | +0 | +17 | +35 | -9.7 | |
| / 162G | — | MLE | — | 650 | 602 | 97 | 17 | 5 | 8 | 37 | 274 | 6 | 58 | 13 | 161 | 217 | 246 | 463 | 85 | 275 | 42 | 6 | 190 | 15 | -66 | +6 | +0 | +7 | +14 | -3.9 | |
How the minor-league lines were translated
One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.
2024 AAHarrisburg Senators · 129 PAwOBA .246 → .196 (−50)K% 34.1% → 41.3%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 34.11% | ÷1.008 | ×1.220 | — | — | 41.27% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 15.50% | ÷1.051 | ×0.700 | — | ×0.998 | 10.30% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.850 | — | ×0.998 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 20.31% | ÷1.010 | ×0.970 | ×1.011 | ×0.998 | 19.68% |
| Doubles /BIP | 3.12% | ÷0.964 | ×0.860 | ×1.011 | ×0.998 | 2.81% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.915 | ×0.950 | ×1.011 | ×0.998 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 3.12% | ÷0.990 | ×0.780 | — | ×0.998 | 2.46% |
Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 98, 1B 102, 2B 93, 3B 83, K 102, BB 110 — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 24.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.011.
Result: wOBA .246 → .196; ISO .074 → .059; BABIP .242 → .231. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2023 A+Wilmington Blue Rocks · 203 PAwOBA .286 → .209 (−77)K% 33.0% → 44.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 33.00% | ÷0.973 | ×1.310 | — | — | 44.45% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 8.37% | ÷1.005 | ×0.600 | — | ×0.988 | 4.94% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.99% | — | ×0.770 | — | ×0.988 | 0.75% |
| Singles /BIP | 23.89% | ÷0.981 | ×0.870 | ×0.958 | ×0.988 | 20.07% |
| Doubles /BIP | 7.96% | ÷0.894 | ×0.780 | ×0.958 | ×0.988 | 6.58% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.77% | ÷0.913 | ×0.850 | ×0.958 | ×0.988 | 1.56% |
| Home runs /BIP | 2.65% | ÷0.913 | ×0.880 | — | ×0.988 | 2.53% |
Factors used: league row South Atlantic League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 83, 1B 96, 2B 79, 3B 83, K 95, BB 101 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 22.8 → −1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.958.
Result: wOBA .286 → .209; ISO .122 → .097; BABIP .336 → .281. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2023 AAARochester Red Wings · 60 PAwOBA .326 → .262 (−65)K% 40.0% → 49.0%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 40.00% | ÷0.980 | ×1.200 | — | — | 48.97% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 10.00% | ÷0.956 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.048 | 7.56% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×1.048 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 44.83% | ÷0.996 | ×0.930 | — | ×1.048 | 43.89% |
| Doubles /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.137 | ×0.830 | — | ×1.048 | 0.00% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.150 | ×0.970 | — | ×1.048 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 6.90% | ÷1.058 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.048 | 4.78% |
Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 112, 1B 99, 2B 127, 3B 130, K 96, BB 91 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 27.2 → +4.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (3.2 yr younger than average).
Result: wOBA .326 → .262; ISO .113 → .071; BABIP .481 → .461. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2022 A+Wilmington Blue Rocks · 319 PAwOBA .243 → .171 (−72)K% 31.3% → 41.1%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 31.35% | ÷0.998 | ×1.310 | — | — | 41.14% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 6.90% | ÷0.963 | ×0.600 | — | ×0.998 | 4.29% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.770 | — | ×0.998 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 22.05% | ÷0.990 | ×0.870 | ×0.965 | ×0.998 | 18.67% |
| Doubles /BIP | 5.64% | ÷0.974 | ×0.780 | ×0.965 | ×0.998 | 4.35% |
| Triples /BIP | 2.05% | ÷1.150 | ×0.850 | ×0.965 | ×0.998 | 1.46% |
| Home runs /BIP | 1.03% | ÷1.114 | ×0.880 | — | ×0.998 | 0.81% |
Factors used: league row South Atlantic League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 123, 1B 98, 2B 95, 3B 130, K 100, BB 93 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 22.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.965.
Result: wOBA .243 → .171; ISO .085 → .057; BABIP .297 → .244. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2021 AFredericksburg Nationals · 420 PAwOBA .305 → .221 (−84)K% 29.8% → 41.8%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 29.76% | ÷0.967 | ×1.360 | — | — | 41.85% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 10.95% | ÷1.100 | ×0.690 | — | — | 6.87% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.43% | — | ×0.780 | — | — | 1.11% |
| Singles /BIP | 23.85% | ÷1.006 | ×0.920 | ×0.993 | — | 21.65% |
| Doubles /BIP | 5.86% | ÷0.942 | ×0.830 | ×0.993 | — | 5.12% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.84% | ÷0.901 | ×0.910 | ×0.993 | — | 0.84% |
| Home runs /BIP | 4.18% | ÷1.159 | ×0.800 | — | — | 2.89% |
Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 132, 1B 101, 2B 88, 3B 80, K 93, BB 120 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 22.0 → +0.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.0 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.993.
Result: wOBA .305 → .221; ISO .132 → .090; BABIP .316 → .282. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2018 ROKAZL Padres 2 · 218 PAwOBA .265 → .177 (−88)K% 27.1% → 39.0%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 27.06% | ÷1.000 | ×1.440 | — | — | 38.97% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 6.42% | ÷1.000 | ×0.620 | — | ×1.008 | 4.01% |
| HBP% /PA | 2.29% | — | ×0.720 | — | ×1.008 | 1.66% |
| Singles /BIP | 17.65% | ÷1.000 | ×0.820 | ×0.960 | ×1.008 | 13.99% |
| Doubles /BIP | 6.62% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | ×0.960 | ×1.008 | 4.61% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.47% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | ×0.960 | ×1.008 | 1.02% |
| Home runs /BIP | 2.94% | ÷1.000 | ×0.780 | — | ×1.008 | 2.31% |
Factors used: level-wide ROK factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 19 vs a level average of 19.5 → +0.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.5 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.960.
Result: wOBA .265 → .177; ISO .128 → .084; BABIP .259 → .196. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2017 ROKAZL Padres · 195 PAwOBA .310 → .188 (−122)K% 33.3% → 48.0%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 33.33% | ÷1.000 | ×1.440 | — | — | 48.00% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 5.64% | ÷1.000 | ×0.620 | — | ×1.022 | 3.58% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.03% | — | ×0.720 | — | ×1.022 | 0.76% |
| Singles /BIP | 19.66% | ÷1.000 | ×0.820 | ×0.950 | ×1.022 | 15.66% |
| Doubles /BIP | 9.40% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | ×0.950 | ×1.022 | 6.58% |
| Triples /BIP | 5.13% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | ×0.950 | ×1.022 | 3.59% |
| Home runs /BIP | 3.42% | ÷1.000 | ×0.780 | — | ×1.022 | 2.73% |
Factors used: level-wide ROK factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 18 vs a level average of 19.5 → +2.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.5 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.
Result: wOBA .310 → .188; ISO .192 → .112; BABIP .354 → .265. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
Not traceable per stint: some stints lack the counting stats the component translation needs. Level-wide factors that apply instead — .