Connor Justus
| Year | Age | Lvl / Team | PA | AVG/OBP/SLG | HR | SB | wRC+ | WAR | MLE AVG/OBP/SLG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 23 | AA/A+2 orgs | 507 | .220/.341/.312 | 6 | 7 | 51 | — | .187/.280/.268 |
| 2019 | 24 | AAMobile BayBea… | 400 | .184/.287/.251 | 2 | 7 | 15 | — | .139/.219/.183 |
| 2021 | 26 | AAA/AAMIA | 321 | .202/.290/.270 | 2 | 2 | 27 | — | .165/.233/.210 |
Career Stats + Projections
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built
All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.
| Year | Age | Lvl | Team | MLB% | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | HBP | SB | CS | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | ISO | BABIP | K% | BB% | wOBA | wRC+ | BAT | RUN | FLD | POS | REP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 21 | A | Burlington Bees | — | 167 | 139 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 34 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 230 | 348 | 309 | 657 | 79 | 288 | 20 | 8 | 305 | 47 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 21 | ROK | Orem Owlz | — | 114 | 93 | 32 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 18 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 344 | 465 | 430 | 895 | 86 | 432 | 17 | 16 | 410 | 80 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 22 | A+ | Inland Empire 66ers | — | 491 | 411 | 83 | 19 | 3 | 5 | 61 | 110 | 11 | 15 | 6 | 202 | 321 | 299 | 620 | 97 | 261 | 22 | 12 | 287 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 23 | AA | Mobile BayBears | — | 297 | 247 | 42 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 40 | 82 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 170 | 303 | 215 | 517 | 45 | 253 | 28 | 13 | 253 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 23 | A+ | Inland Empire 66ers | — | 210 | 176 | 51 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 24 | 37 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 290 | 396 | 449 | 845 | 159 | 331 | 18 | 11 | 375 | 93 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 24 | AA | Mobile BayBears | — | 400 | 347 | 64 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 39 | 93 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 184 | 287 | 251 | 538 | 66 | 244 | 23 | 10 | 255 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 26 | AAA | Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp | — | 165 | 149 | 30 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 45 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 201 | 265 | 242 | 507 | 40 | 286 | 27 | 6 | 234 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 26 | AA | Pensacola Blue Wahoos | — | 156 | 133 | 27 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 42 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 203 | 316 | 301 | 617 | 98 | 278 | 27 | 13 | 288 | 35 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 21 | A MLE | Burlington Bees | — | 167 | 144 | 27 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 49 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 188 | 287 | 236 | 523 | 49 | 260 | 29 | 5 | 237 | 47 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 21 | ROK MLE | Orem Owlz | — | 114 | 101 | 25 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 27 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 248 | 333 | 307 | 640 | 59 | 333 | 24 | 9 | 286 | 80 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 22 | A+ MLE | Inland Empire 66ers | — | 491 | 429 | 72 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 43 | 151 | 11 | 15 | 6 | 168 | 261 | 242 | 503 | 75 | 236 | 31 | 9 | 228 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 23 | AA MLE | Mobile BayBears | — | 297 | 261 | 38 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 99 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 146 | 241 | 184 | 425 | 38 | 227 | 33 | 9 | 201 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 23 | A+ MLE | Inland Empire 66ers | — | 210 | 183 | 45 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 17 | 47 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 246 | 333 | 388 | 721 | 142 | 278 | 22 | 8 | 305 | 93 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 24 | AA MLE | Mobile BayBears | — | 400 | 360 | 50 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 119 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 139 | 219 | 183 | 402 | 44 | 199 | 30 | 6 | 190 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 26 | AAA MLE | Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp | — | 165 | 152 | 27 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 55 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 178 | 228 | 211 | 439 | 33 | 265 | 33 | 4 | 197 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 26 | AA MLE | Pensacola Blue Wahoos | — | 156 | 139 | 21 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 53 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 151 | 239 | 209 | 447 | 58 | 240 | 34 | 9 | 220 | 35 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 21 | A MLE | 2 teams | — | 281 | 245 | 53 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 77 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 216 | 309 | 273 | 583 | 57 | 310 | 27 | 7 | 257 | 60 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 21 | A RAW | 2 teams | — | 281 | 232 | 64 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 32 | 53 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 276 | 396 | 358 | 753 | 82 | 348 | 19 | 11 | 348 | 60 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 22 | A+ MLE | Inland Empire 66ers | — | 491 | 429 | 72 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 43 | 151 | 11 | 15 | 6 | 168 | 261 | 242 | 503 | 75 | 245 | 31 | 9 | 228 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 22 | A+ RAW | Inland Empire 66ers | — | 491 | 411 | 83 | 19 | 3 | 5 | 61 | 110 | 11 | 15 | 6 | 202 | 321 | 299 | 620 | 97 | 261 | 22 | 12 | 287 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 23 | AA MLE | 2 teams | — | 507 | 444 | 83 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 43 | 146 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 187 | 279 | 268 | 547 | 81 | 260 | 29 | 8 | 244 | 51 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 23 | AA RAW | 2 teams | — | 507 | 423 | 93 | 17 | 2 | 6 | 64 | 119 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 220 | 341 | 312 | 653 | 92 | 288 | 23 | 13 | 304 | 51 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 24 | AA MLE | Mobile BayBears | — | 400 | 360 | 50 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 119 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 139 | 219 | 183 | 402 | 44 | 202 | 30 | 6 | 190 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 24 | AA RAW | Mobile BayBears | — | 400 | 347 | 64 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 39 | 93 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 184 | 287 | 251 | 538 | 66 | 244 | 23 | 10 | 255 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 26 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 321 | 291 | 49 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 108 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 168 | 237 | 216 | 453 | 48 | 261 | 34 | 7 | 208 | 27 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 26 | AAA RAW | 2 teams | — | 321 | 282 | 57 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 30 | 87 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 202 | 290 | 270 | 560 | 67 | 282 | 27 | 9 | 260 | 27 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 21 | A MLE | 2 teams | — | 281 | 246 | 53 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 77 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 215 | 309 | 272 | 582 | 57 | 290 | 27 | 7 | 257 | 60 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 22 | A+ MLE | Inland Empire 66ers | — | 491 | 434 | 72 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 43 | 151 | 11 | 15 | 6 | 166 | 261 | 240 | 501 | 74 | 236 | 31 | 9 | 228 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 23 | AA MLE | 2 teams | — | 507 | 445 | 83 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 43 | 146 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 187 | 279 | 267 | 547 | 81 | 248 | 29 | 8 | 244 | 51 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 24 | AA MLE | Mobile BayBears | — | 400 | 360 | 50 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 119 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 139 | 219 | 183 | 402 | 44 | 199 | 30 | 6 | 190 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 26 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 321 | 292 | 49 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 108 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 168 | 237 | 216 | 452 | 48 | 253 | 34 | 7 | 208 | 27 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career | — | MLE | — | 2000 | 1769 | 307 | 59 | 7 | 13 | 152 | 601 | 55 | 32 | 26 | 174 | 260 | 237 | 497 | 63 | 252 | 30 | 8 | 225 | 39 | -146 | -4 | +0 | +21 | +43 | -8.7 | |
| / 162G | — | MLE | — | 650 | 575 | 99 | 19 | 2 | 4 | 49 | 195 | 18 | 10 | 8 | 172 | 259 | 233 | 492 | 61 | 250 | 30 | 8 | 225 | 39 | -47 | -1 | +0 | +7 | +14 | -2.8 | |
How the minor-league lines were translated
One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.
2021 AAAJacksonville Jumbo Shrimp · 165 PAwOBA .229 → .197 (−33)K% 27.3% → 33.2%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 27.27% | ÷0.985 | ×1.200 | — | — | 33.23% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 6.06% | ÷0.994 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.003 | 4.22% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.82% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×1.003 | 1.71% |
| Singles /BIP | 24.04% | ÷0.971 | ×0.930 | ×0.979 | ×1.003 | 22.60% |
| Doubles /BIP | 3.85% | ÷0.933 | ×0.830 | ×0.979 | ×1.003 | 3.36% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.96% | ÷1.109 | ×0.920 | ×0.979 | ×1.003 | 0.78% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.886 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.003 | 0.00% |
Factors used: level-wide AAA factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 77, 1B 94, 2B 87, 3B 122, K 97, BB 99 — applied at half strength. Age: age 27 vs a level average of 27.2 → +0.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.979.
Result: wOBA .229 → .197; ISO .040 → .033; BABIP .286 → .265. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2021 AAPensacola Blue Wahoos · 156 PAwOBA .283 → .220 (−63)K% 26.9% → 33.8%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 26.92% | ÷0.973 | ×1.220 | — | — | 33.77% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 12.82% | ÷0.985 | ×0.690 | — | ×0.978 | 8.78% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.28% | — | ×0.850 | — | ×0.978 | 1.07% |
| Singles /BIP | 19.78% | ÷1.011 | ×0.940 | ×0.978 | ×0.978 | 17.60% |
| Doubles /BIP | 7.69% | ÷1.026 | ×0.870 | ×0.978 | ×0.978 | 6.24% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.150 | ×0.920 | ×0.978 | ×0.978 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 2.20% | ÷1.011 | ×0.780 | — | ×0.978 | 1.66% |
Factors used: level-wide AA factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 102, 1B 102, 2B 105, 3B 130, K 95, BB 97 — applied at half strength. Age: age 27 vs a level average of 24.8 → −2.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.978.
Result: wOBA .283 → .220; ISO .098 → .074; BABIP .278 → .240. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2019 AAMobile BayBears · 400 PAwOBA .250 → .190 (−60)K% 23.2% → 29.7%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 23.25% | ÷0.956 | ×1.220 | — | — | 29.68% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 9.75% | ÷1.020 | ×0.680 | — | ×0.998 | 6.49% |
| HBP% /PA | 2.75% | — | ×0.840 | — | ×0.998 | 2.31% |
| Singles /BIP | 17.72% | ÷1.066 | ×0.920 | ×0.950 | ×0.998 | 14.50% |
| Doubles /BIP | 6.69% | ÷1.054 | ×0.910 | ×0.950 | ×0.998 | 5.48% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.902 | ×0.880 | ×0.950 | ×0.998 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.79% | ÷1.050 | ×0.800 | — | ×0.998 | 0.60% |
Factors used: league row SL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 110, 1B 113, 2B 111, 3B 80, K 91, BB 104 — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 24.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.
Result: wOBA .250 → .190; ISO .066 → .052; BABIP .244 → .199. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2018 AAMobile BayBears · 297 PAwOBA .249 → .201 (−48)K% 27.6% → 33.3%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 27.61% | ÷1.012 | ×1.220 | — | — | 33.29% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 13.47% | ÷1.040 | ×0.680 | — | ×1.012 | 8.91% |
| HBP% /PA | 2.36% | — | ×0.840 | — | ×1.012 | 2.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 19.39% | ÷1.021 | ×0.920 | ×0.984 | ×1.012 | 17.40% |
| Doubles /BIP | 5.45% | ÷1.014 | ×0.910 | ×0.984 | ×1.012 | 4.88% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.61% | ÷0.944 | ×0.880 | ×0.984 | ×1.012 | 0.56% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.959 | ×0.800 | — | ×1.012 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row SL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 92, 1B 104, 2B 103, 3B 89, K 102, BB 108 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 24.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.984.
Result: wOBA .249 → .201; ISO .045 → .040; BABIP .253 → .227. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2018 A+Inland Empire 66ers · 210 PAwOBA .371 → .305 (−66)K% 17.6% → 22.6%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 17.62% | ÷1.044 | ×1.340 | — | — | 22.62% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 11.43% | ÷0.986 | ×0.710 | — | ×0.988 | 8.13% |
| HBP% /PA | 3.33% | — | ×0.790 | — | ×0.988 | 2.60% |
| Singles /BIP | 25.90% | ÷0.977 | ×0.910 | ×0.950 | ×0.988 | 22.65% |
| Doubles /BIP | 5.76% | ÷1.087 | ×0.820 | ×0.950 | ×0.988 | 4.07% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.72% | ÷0.978 | ×0.760 | ×0.950 | ×0.988 | 0.52% |
| Home runs /BIP | 4.32% | ÷0.978 | ×0.920 | — | ×0.988 | 4.01% |
Factors used: league row CAL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 96, 1B 95, 2B 117, 3B 96, K 109, BB 97 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 22.8 → −1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.
Result: wOBA .371 → .305; ISO .159 → .136; BABIP .331 → .278. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2017 A+Inland Empire 66ers · 491 PAwOBA .282 → .228 (−54)K% 22.4% → 30.8%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 22.40% | ÷0.975 | ×1.340 | — | — | 30.80% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 12.42% | ÷1.003 | ×0.710 | — | ×0.998 | 8.78% |
| HBP% /PA | 2.24% | — | ×0.790 | — | ×0.998 | 1.77% |
| Singles /BIP | 18.60% | ÷0.955 | ×0.910 | ×0.973 | ×0.998 | 17.22% |
| Doubles /BIP | 6.31% | ÷0.891 | ×0.820 | ×0.973 | ×0.998 | 5.65% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.00% | ÷1.150 | ×0.760 | ×0.973 | ×0.998 | 0.64% |
| Home runs /BIP | 1.66% | ÷1.008 | ×0.920 | — | ×0.998 | 1.51% |
Factors used: league row CAL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 102, 1B 91, 2B 78, 3B 130, K 95, BB 101 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 22.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.973.
Result: wOBA .282 → .228; ISO .097 → .080; BABIP .261 → .236. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2016 ABurlington Bees · 167 PAwOBA .300 → .237 (−63)K% 20.4% → 29.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 20.36% | ÷0.939 | ×1.360 | — | — | 29.49% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 8.38% | ÷1.037 | ×0.690 | — | — | 5.58% |
| HBP% /PA | 6.59% | — | ×0.780 | — | — | 5.14% |
| Singles /BIP | 24.76% | ÷0.975 | ×0.920 | ×0.969 | — | 22.65% |
| Doubles /BIP | 2.86% | ÷0.976 | ×0.830 | ×0.969 | — | 2.36% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.95% | ÷0.900 | ×0.910 | ×0.969 | — | 0.93% |
| Home runs /BIP | 1.90% | ÷1.285 | ×0.800 | — | — | 1.19% |
Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 157, 1B 95, 2B 95, 3B 80, K 88, BB 107 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 22.0 → +0.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.0 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.969.
Result: wOBA .300 → .237; ISO .079 → .056; BABIP .288 → .260. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2016 ROKOrem Owlz · 114 PAwOBA .398 → .286 (−112)K% 16.7% → 24.0%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 16.67% | ÷1.000 | ×1.440 | — | — | 24.00% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 14.91% | ÷1.000 | ×0.610 | — | ×0.975 | 8.87% |
| HBP% /PA | 2.63% | — | ×0.720 | — | ×0.975 | 1.85% |
| Singles /BIP | 33.78% | ÷1.000 | ×0.820 | ×0.990 | ×0.975 | 26.75% |
| Doubles /BIP | 8.11% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | ×0.990 | ×0.975 | 5.64% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.35% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | ×0.990 | ×0.975 | 0.94% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.000 | ×0.750 | — | ×0.975 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row PIO. Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 19.5 → −2.5% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.5 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.990.
Result: wOBA .398 → .286; ISO .086 → .060; BABIP .432 → .333. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).