Yu Chang
| Year | Age | Lvl / Team | PA | AVG/OBP/SLG | HR | SB | wRC+ | WAR | MLE AVG/OBP/SLG | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 26 | MLBBOS | 190 | .208/.293/.315 | 4 | 0 | 71 | 0.0 | ||
| 2023 | 27 | AAA/AABOS | 81 | .276/.321/.421 | 3 | 2 | 60 | — | .233/.272/.324 | |
| 2023 | 27 | MLBBOS | 112 | .162/.200/.352 | 6 | 4 | 47 | 0.2 | ||
| 2024 | 28 | AAATB | 51 | .293/.431/.512 | 2 | 2 | 105 | — | .250/.353/.386 | |
| 2025 | 29 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
| 2026 | 30 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
Career Stats + Projections
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built
All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.
| Year | Age | Lvl | Team | MLB% | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | HBP | SB | CS | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | ISO | BABIP | K% | BB% | wOBA | wRC+ | BAT | RUN | FLD | POS | REP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 18 | ROK | AZL Indians | — | 181 | 159 | 55 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 18 | 28 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 346 | 422 | 566 | 988 | 220 | 389 | 15 | 10 | 430 | 95 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | A | Lake County Captains | — | 440 | 393 | 91 | 16 | 4 | 9 | 27 | 103 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 232 | 296 | 361 | 657 | 130 | 288 | 23 | 6 | 289 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | A+ | Lynchburg Hillcats | — | 477 | 417 | 108 | 30 | 8 | 13 | 45 | 110 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 259 | 337 | 463 | 800 | 204 | 316 | 23 | 9 | 345 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | INTL | Mesa Solar Sox | — | 62 | 56 | 17 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 21 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 304 | 361 | 393 | 754 | 89 | 486 | 34 | 5 | 336 | 114 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | AA | Akron RubberDucks | — | 508 | 440 | 97 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 52 | 134 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 220 | 315 | 461 | 777 | 241 | 254 | 26 | 10 | 338 | 70 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | AAA | Columbus Clippers | — | 518 | 457 | 117 | 28 | 2 | 13 | 44 | 144 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 256 | 333 | 411 | 745 | 155 | 341 | 28 | 8 | 329 | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | INTL | Glendale Desert Dogs | — | 96 | 86 | 29 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 337 | 400 | 523 | 923 | 186 | 373 | 17 | 7 | 404 | 160 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 23 | MLB | Cleveland Indians | — | 84 | 73 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 178 | 286 | 274 | 560 | 96 | 240 | 26 | 13 | 263 | 66 | -3 | +0 | +2 | +1 | +2 | 0.1 |
| 2019 | 23 | AAA | Columbus Clippers | — | 283 | 253 | 64 | 15 | 1 | 9 | 26 | 67 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 253 | 325 | 427 | 752 | 174 | 306 | 24 | 9 | 331 | 75 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 25 | MLB | Cleveland Indians | — | 251 | 237 | 54 | 14 | 3 | 9 | 11 | 69 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 228 | 268 | 426 | 694 | 198 | 281 | 27 | 4 | 303 | 93 | -2 | +0 | +2 | -6 | +5 | -0.0 |
| 2021 | 25 | AAA | Columbus Clippers | — | 66 | 59 | 19 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 19 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 322 | 394 | 610 | 1.004 | 288 | 417 | 29 | 8 | 436 | 118 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 26 | MLB | Boston Red Sox | — | 190 | 168 | 35 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 16 | 59 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 208 | 293 | 315 | 608 | 107 | 290 | 31 | 8 | 278 | 71 | -7 | -0 | +2 | +1 | +4 | 0.0 |
| 2022 | 26 | AAA | Columbus Clippers | — | 24 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167 | 348 | 222 | 570 | 56 | 214 | 21 | 21 | 274 | 51 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 27 | MLB | Boston Red Sox | — | 112 | 105 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 34 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 162 | 200 | 352 | 552 | 190 | 169 | 30 | 3 | 239 | 47 | -7 | +1 | +4 | +2 | +2 | 0.2 |
| 2023 | 27 | AAA | Worcester Red Sox | — | 66 | 62 | 20 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 323 | 364 | 500 | 864 | 177 | 370 | 20 | 6 | 381 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 27 | AA | Portland Sea Dogs | — | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 133 | 71 | 205 | 100 | 27 | 7 | 107 | -57 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2024 | 28 | AAA | Durham Bulls | — | 51 | 41 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 293 | 431 | 512 | 944 | 220 | 417 | 29 | 18 | 419 | 105 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career Totals (raw MLB only — historical actual) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MLB Career | — | — | 637 | 583 | 119 | 24 | 4 | 20 | 41 | 184 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 204 | 266 | 362 | 628 | 158 | 259 | 29 | 6 | 279 | 75 | -19 | +1 | +10 | -2 | +14 | 0.4 | ||
| ▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 18 | ROK MLE | AZL Indians | — | 181 | 166 | 43 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 40 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 259 | 317 | 422 | 738 | 163 | 302 | 22 | 6 | 309 | 95 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | A MLE | Lake County Captains | — | 440 | 401 | 76 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 19 | 138 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 190 | 242 | 284 | 527 | 95 | 254 | 31 | 4 | 226 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | A+ MLE | Lynchburg Hillcats | — | 477 | 433 | 92 | 23 | 6 | 12 | 29 | 163 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 212 | 268 | 376 | 645 | 164 | 289 | 34 | 6 | 274 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | AA MLE | Akron RubberDucks | — | 508 | 456 | 85 | 19 | 4 | 19 | 36 | 165 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 186 | 259 | 371 | 630 | 184 | 232 | 32 | 7 | 271 | 70 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | AAA MLE | Columbus Clippers | — | 518 | 469 | 106 | 24 | 2 | 10 | 32 | 170 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 226 | 288 | 350 | 638 | 124 | 318 | 33 | 6 | 280 | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 23 | MLB MLE | Cleveland Indians | — | 84 | 73 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 178 | 286 | 274 | 560 | 96 | 240 | 26 | 13 | 266 | 66 | -3 | +0 | +2 | +1 | +2 | 0.1 |
| 2019 | 23 | AAA MLE | Columbus Clippers | — | 283 | 262 | 58 | 12 | 1 | 8 | 17 | 81 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 221 | 271 | 366 | 638 | 145 | 281 | 29 | 6 | 279 | 75 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 25 | MLB MLE | Cleveland Indians | — | 251 | 237 | 55 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 11 | 69 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 232 | 272 | 439 | 711 | 207 | 281 | 27 | 4 | 305 | 93 | -2 | +0 | +2 | -6 | +5 | -0.0 |
| 2021 | 25 | AAA MLE | Columbus Clippers | — | 66 | 61 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 262 | 318 | 475 | 794 | 213 | 387 | 35 | 5 | 342 | 118 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 26 | MLB MLE | Boston Red Sox | — | 190 | 168 | 34 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 16 | 59 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 202 | 287 | 304 | 591 | 101 | 290 | 31 | 8 | 273 | 71 | -7 | -0 | +2 | +1 | +4 | 0.0 |
| 2022 | 26 | AAA MLE | Columbus Clippers | — | 24 | 19 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 158 | 304 | 211 | 515 | 53 | 200 | 25 | 17 | 244 | 51 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 27 | MLB MLE | Boston Red Sox | — | 112 | 105 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 34 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 162 | 200 | 352 | 552 | 190 | 169 | 30 | 3 | 238 | 47 | -7 | +1 | +4 | +2 | +2 | 0.2 |
| 2023 | 27 | AAA MLE | Worcester Red Sox | — | 66 | 63 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 270 | 303 | 381 | 684 | 111 | 323 | 23 | 5 | 295 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 27 | AA MLE | Portland Sea Dogs | — | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 133 | 71 | 205 | 97 | 33 | 7 | 84 | -57 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2024 | 28 | AAA MLE | Durham Bulls | — | 51 | 44 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 18 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 250 | 353 | 386 | 739 | 136 | 362 | 35 | 12 | 324 | 105 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 18 | ROK MLE | AZL Indians | — | 181 | 166 | 43 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 40 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 259 | 317 | 422 | 738 | 163 | 311 | 22 | 6 | 309 | 95 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 18 | ROK RAW | AZL Indians | — | 181 | 159 | 55 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 18 | 28 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 346 | 422 | 566 | 988 | 220 | 389 | 15 | 10 | 430 | 95 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | A MLE | Lake County Captains | — | 440 | 401 | 76 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 19 | 138 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 190 | 242 | 284 | 527 | 95 | 268 | 31 | 4 | 226 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | A RAW | Lake County Captains | — | 440 | 393 | 91 | 16 | 4 | 9 | 27 | 103 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 232 | 296 | 361 | 657 | 130 | 288 | 23 | 6 | 289 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | A+ MLE | 2 teams | — | 539 | 489 | 103 | 26 | 6 | 13 | 32 | 184 | 6 | 12 | 3 | 211 | 268 | 368 | 636 | 157 | 301 | 34 | 6 | 274 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | A+ RAW | 2 teams | — | 539 | 473 | 125 | 35 | 8 | 13 | 48 | 131 | 6 | 12 | 3 | 264 | 340 | 455 | 794 | 190 | 333 | 24 | 9 | 344 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | AA MLE | Akron RubberDucks | — | 508 | 456 | 85 | 19 | 4 | 19 | 36 | 165 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 186 | 259 | 371 | 630 | 184 | 238 | 32 | 7 | 271 | 70 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | AA RAW | Akron RubberDucks | — | 508 | 440 | 97 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 52 | 134 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 220 | 315 | 461 | 777 | 241 | 254 | 26 | 10 | 338 | 70 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 614 | 556 | 126 | 28 | 3 | 12 | 38 | 201 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 227 | 289 | 353 | 642 | 126 | 327 | 33 | 6 | 280 | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | AAA RAW | 2 teams | — | 614 | 543 | 146 | 32 | 2 | 17 | 51 | 160 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 269 | 344 | 429 | 773 | 160 | 347 | 26 | 8 | 341 | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 23 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 367 | 335 | 71 | 14 | 2 | 9 | 28 | 103 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 212 | 275 | 346 | 621 | 134 | 274 | 28 | 8 | 276 | 73 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 23 | AAA RAW | 2 teams | — | 367 | 326 | 77 | 17 | 2 | 10 | 37 | 89 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 236 | 316 | 393 | 709 | 156 | 291 | 24 | 10 | 316 | 73 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 25 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 317 | 298 | 71 | 18 | 4 | 12 | 14 | 92 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 238 | 282 | 446 | 728 | 208 | 303 | 29 | 4 | 313 | 98 | -1 | -0 | +2 | -6 | +7 | 0.2 |
| 2021 | 25 | MLB RAW | 2 teams | — | 317 | 296 | 73 | 19 | 3 | 13 | 16 | 88 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 247 | 294 | 463 | 757 | 216 | 306 | 28 | 5 | 331 | 98 | -1 | -0 | +2 | -6 | +7 | 0.2 |
| 2022 | 26 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 214 | 187 | 37 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 20 | 65 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 198 | 289 | 294 | 583 | 96 | 273 | 30 | 9 | 269 | 68 | -8 | -0 | +2 | +1 | +5 | -0.1 |
| 2022 | 26 | MLB RAW | 2 teams | — | 214 | 186 | 38 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 21 | 64 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 204 | 299 | 306 | 605 | 102 | 281 | 30 | 10 | 277 | 68 | -8 | -0 | +2 | +1 | +5 | -0.1 |
| 2023 | 27 | MLB MLE | 3 teams | — | 193 | 183 | 34 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 54 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 186 | 220 | 333 | 553 | 148 | 215 | 28 | 3 | 246 | 52 | -11 | +1 | +4 | +2 | +4 | 0.1 |
| 2023 | 27 | MLB RAW | 3 teams | — | 193 | 181 | 38 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 51 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 210 | 251 | 381 | 633 | 171 | 240 | 26 | 4 | 277 | 52 | -11 | +1 | +4 | +2 | +4 | 0.1 |
| 2024 | 28 | AAA MLE | Durham Bulls | — | 51 | 44 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 18 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 250 | 353 | 386 | 739 | 136 | 400 | 35 | 12 | 324 | 105 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 28 | AAA RAW | Durham Bulls | — | 51 | 41 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 293 | 431 | 512 | 944 | 220 | 417 | 29 | 18 | 419 | 105 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 18 | ROK MLE | AZL Indians | — | 181 | 165 | 43 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 40 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 261 | 317 | 424 | 741 | 164 | 302 | 22 | 6 | 309 | 95 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | A MLE | Lake County Captains | — | 440 | 409 | 76 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 19 | 138 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 186 | 242 | 279 | 521 | 93 | 254 | 31 | 4 | 226 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | A+ MLE | 2 teams | — | 539 | 496 | 103 | 26 | 6 | 13 | 32 | 184 | 6 | 12 | 3 | 208 | 268 | 363 | 630 | 155 | 289 | 34 | 6 | 274 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | AA MLE | Akron RubberDucks | — | 508 | 458 | 85 | 19 | 4 | 19 | 36 | 165 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 186 | 259 | 369 | 628 | 183 | 232 | 32 | 7 | 271 | 70 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 614 | 560 | 126 | 28 | 3 | 12 | 38 | 201 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 225 | 289 | 350 | 639 | 125 | 318 | 33 | 6 | 280 | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 23 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 367 | 335 | 71 | 14 | 2 | 9 | 28 | 103 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 212 | 275 | 346 | 621 | 134 | 272 | 28 | 8 | 276 | 73 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 25 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 317 | 296 | 71 | 18 | 4 | 12 | 14 | 92 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 240 | 282 | 449 | 731 | 209 | 303 | 29 | 4 | 313 | 98 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022 | 26 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 214 | 188 | 37 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 20 | 65 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 197 | 289 | 293 | 582 | 96 | 280 | 30 | 9 | 269 | 68 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 27 | MLB MLE | 3 teams | — | 193 | 183 | 34 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 54 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 186 | 220 | 333 | 553 | 148 | 216 | 28 | 3 | 246 | 52 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2024 | 28 | AAA MLE | Durham Bulls | — | 51 | 44 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 18 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 250 | 353 | 386 | 739 | 136 | 362 | 35 | 12 | 324 | 105 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Model inputs — neutral MLE (past 3 seasons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 28 | AAA MLE | Durham Bulls | — | 51 | 44 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 18 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 250 | 353 | 386 | 739 | 136 | 362 | 35 | 12 | 324 | 105 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ▸ Career totals — MLB only (actual + projected) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career | — | A+C | — | 637 | 583 | 119 | 24 | 4 | 20 | 41 | 184 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 204 | 266 | 362 | 628 | 158 | 259 | 29 | 6 | 279 | 71 | -19 | +1 | +10 | -2 | +14 | 0.4 | |
| / 162G | — | A+C | — | 650 | 595 | 120 | 24 | 4 | 20 | 42 | 188 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 202 | 264 | 356 | 620 | 155 | 256 | 29 | 6 | 279 | 71 | -19 | +1 | +10 | -2 | +14 | 0.4 | |
| Career | — | MLE | — | 3424 | 3115 | 657 | 137 | 25 | 89 | 210 | 1060 | 50 | 53 | 22 | 211 | 272 | 357 | 628 | 146 | 285 | 31 | 6 | 273 | 71 | -19 | +1 | +10 | -2 | +14 | 0.4 | |
| / 162G | — | MLE | — | 650 | 591 | 125 | 26 | 5 | 17 | 40 | 201 | 9 | 10 | 4 | 212 | 272 | 359 | 631 | 147 | 285 | 31 | 6 | 273 | 71 | -19 | +1 | +10 | -2 | +14 | 0.4 | |
How the minor-league lines were translated
One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.
2024 AAADurham Bulls · 51 PAwOBA .403 → .324 (−79)K% 29.4% → 34.8%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 29.41% | ÷1.014 | ×1.200 | — | — | 34.79% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 15.69% | ÷0.971 | ×0.690 | — | ×0.982 | 10.95% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.96% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×0.982 | 1.81% |
| Singles /BIP | 26.92% | ÷0.985 | ×0.930 | — | ×0.982 | 24.95% |
| Doubles /BIP | 11.54% | ÷0.994 | ×0.830 | — | ×0.982 | 9.46% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.900 | ×0.970 | — | ×0.982 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 7.69% | ÷1.061 | ×0.700 | — | ×0.982 | 4.98% |
Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 112, 1B 97, 2B 99, 3B 80, K 103, BB 94 — applied at half strength. Age: age 29 vs a level average of 27.2 → −1.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.8 yr older than average).
Result: wOBA .403 → .324; ISO .220 → .159; BABIP .417 → .362. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2023 AAAWorcester Red Sox · 66 PAwOBA .371 → .295 (−76)K% 19.7% → 23.1%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 19.70% | ÷1.023 | ×1.200 | — | — | 23.11% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 6.06% | ÷0.986 | ×0.690 | — | ×0.992 | 4.21% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×0.992 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 30.61% | ÷0.996 | ×0.930 | — | ×0.992 | 28.35% |
| Doubles /BIP | 4.08% | ÷1.309 | ×0.830 | — | ×0.992 | 2.57% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.905 | ×0.970 | — | ×0.992 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 6.12% | ÷1.008 | ×0.700 | — | ×0.992 | 4.22% |
Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 102, 1B 99, 2B 162, 3B 81, K 105, BB 97 — applied at half strength. Age: age 28 vs a level average of 27.2 → −0.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr older than average).
Result: wOBA .371 → .295; ISO .177 → .118; BABIP .370 → .323. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2023 AAPortland Sea Dogs · 15 PAwOBA .105 → .084 (−21)K% 26.7% → 32.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 26.67% | ÷1.000 | ×1.220 | — | — | 32.54% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 6.67% | ÷1.032 | ×0.700 | — | ×0.968 | 4.38% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.850 | — | ×0.968 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 10.00% | ÷0.972 | ×0.970 | — | ×0.968 | 9.66% |
| Doubles /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.144 | ×0.860 | — | ×0.968 | 0.00% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.900 | ×0.950 | — | ×0.968 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.048 | ×0.780 | — | ×0.968 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 110, 1B 94, 2B 129, 3B 80, K 100, BB 106 — applied at half strength. Age: age 28 vs a level average of 24.8 → −3.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (3.2 yr older than average).
Result: wOBA .105 → .084; ISO .000 → .000; BABIP .100 → .097. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2022 AAAColumbus Clippers · 24 PAwOBA .281 → .244 (−36)K% 20.8% → 24.1%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 20.83% | ÷1.036 | ×1.200 | — | — | 24.14% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 20.83% | ÷0.930 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.003 | 15.50% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×1.003 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 15.38% | ÷0.941 | ×0.930 | — | ×1.003 | 15.25% |
| Doubles /BIP | 7.69% | ÷1.040 | ×0.830 | — | ×1.003 | 6.16% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.900 | ×0.970 | — | ×1.003 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.001 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.003 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row International League. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 100, 1B 88, 2B 108, 3B 80, K 107, BB 86 — applied at half strength. Age: age 27 vs a level average of 27.2 → +0.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr younger than average).
Result: wOBA .281 → .244; ISO .056 → .050; BABIP .214 → .200. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2021 AAAColumbus Clippers · 66 PAwOBA .423 → .342 (−81)K% 28.8% → 34.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 28.79% | ÷1.002 | ×1.200 | — | — | 34.48% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 7.58% | ÷1.008 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.018 | 5.28% |
| HBP% /PA | 3.03% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×1.018 | 2.90% |
| Singles /BIP | 25.00% | ÷0.949 | ×0.930 | — | ×1.018 | 24.93% |
| Doubles /BIP | 12.50% | ÷0.949 | ×0.830 | — | ×1.018 | 11.13% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.900 | ×0.920 | — | ×1.018 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 10.00% | ÷1.034 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.018 | 6.89% |
Factors used: level-wide AAA factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 107, 1B 90, 2B 90, 3B 80, K 100, BB 102 — applied at half strength. Age: age 26 vs a level average of 27.2 → +1.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.2 yr younger than average).
Result: wOBA .423 → .342; ISO .288 → .204; BABIP .417 → .387. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2019 AAAColumbus Clippers · 283 PAwOBA .325 → .279 (−46)K% 23.7% → 28.6%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 23.67% | ÷0.993 | ×1.200 | — | — | 28.62% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 8.83% | ÷1.089 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.048 | 5.86% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.35% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×1.048 | 0.35% |
| Singles /BIP | 20.97% | ÷0.970 | ×0.930 | ×0.950 | ×1.048 | 20.02% |
| Doubles /BIP | 8.06% | ÷0.995 | ×0.830 | ×0.950 | ×1.048 | 6.70% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.54% | ÷0.900 | ×0.970 | ×0.950 | ×1.048 | 0.58% |
| Home runs /BIP | 4.84% | ÷0.985 | ×0.840 | — | ×1.048 | 4.33% |
Factors used: league row IL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 97, 1B 94, 2B 99, 3B 80, K 99, BB 118 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 27.2 → +4.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (3.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.
Result: wOBA .325 → .279; ISO .174 → .152; BABIP .306 → .281. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2018 AAAColumbus Clippers · 518 PAwOBA .323 → .280 (−43)K% 27.8% → 32.8%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 27.80% | ÷1.017 | ×1.200 | — | — | 32.81% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 8.30% | ÷0.972 | ×0.690 | — | ×1.050 | 6.19% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.74% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×1.050 | 1.71% |
| Singles /BIP | 23.64% | ÷0.974 | ×0.930 | ×0.960 | ×1.050 | 22.76% |
| Doubles /BIP | 8.95% | ÷0.958 | ×0.830 | ×0.960 | ×1.050 | 7.81% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.64% | ÷0.900 | ×0.970 | ×0.960 | ×1.050 | 0.69% |
| Home runs /BIP | 4.15% | ÷1.135 | ×0.840 | — | ×1.050 | 3.23% |
Factors used: league row IL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 127, 1B 95, 2B 92, 3B 80, K 103, BB 94 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 27.2 → +5.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (4.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.960.
Result: wOBA .323 → .280; ISO .155 → .127; BABIP .341 → .318. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2017 AAAkron RubberDucks · 508 PAwOBA .332 → .271 (−61)K% 26.4% → 32.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 26.38% | ÷0.990 | ×1.220 | — | — | 32.50% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 10.24% | ÷1.052 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.042 | 7.10% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.77% | — | ×0.850 | — | ×1.042 | 1.57% |
| Singles /BIP | 14.38% | ÷0.978 | ×0.970 | ×0.967 | ×1.042 | 14.38% |
| Doubles /BIP | 7.84% | ÷1.072 | ×0.860 | ×0.967 | ×1.042 | 6.34% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.63% | ÷1.150 | ×0.950 | ×0.967 | ×1.042 | 1.36% |
| Home runs /BIP | 7.84% | ÷1.008 | ×0.780 | — | ×1.042 | 6.32% |
Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 102, 1B 96, 2B 114, 3B 130, K 98, BB 110 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 24.8 → +4.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.967.
Result: wOBA .332 → .271; ISO .241 → .190; BABIP .254 → .232. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
Not traceable per stint: some stints lack the counting stats the component translation needs. Level-wide factors that apply instead — .