Luis Ayala
| Year | Age | Lvl / Team | PA | AVG/OBP/SLG | HR | SB | wRC+ | WAR | MLE AVG/OBP/SLG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 20 | ROKAZL Cubs | 203 | .283/.333/.369 | 1 | 19 | 39 | — | .209/.249/.272 |
| 2017 | 21 | ACHC | 447 | .281/.363/.373 | 3 | 24 | 68 | — | .236/.297/.313 |
| 2018 | 22 | A+CHC | 234 | .184/.275/.213 | 0 | 7 | 5 | — | .147/.206/.171 |
Career Stats + Projections
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built
All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.
| Year | Age | Lvl | Team | MLB% | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | HBP | SB | CS | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | ISO | BABIP | K% | BB% | wOBA | wRC+ | BAT | RUN | FLD | POS | REP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 18 | ROK | VSL Cubs | — | 193 | 163 | 34 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 55 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 209 | 314 | 233 | 547 | 25 | 301 | 28 | 11 | 258 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | ROK | VSL Cubs | — | 290 | 228 | 65 | 13 | 8 | 0 | 47 | 60 | 4 | 25 | 9 | 285 | 416 | 412 | 828 | 127 | 378 | 21 | 16 | 363 | 53 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | ROK | AZL Cubs | — | 203 | 187 | 53 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 37 | 3 | 19 | 7 | 283 | 333 | 369 | 702 | 86 | 344 | 18 | 5 | 314 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | A | South Bend Cubs | — | 447 | 391 | 110 | 17 | 5 | 3 | 43 | 86 | 7 | 24 | 15 | 281 | 363 | 373 | 736 | 92 | 351 | 19 | 10 | 332 | 68 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | A+ | Myrtle Beach Pelicans | — | 234 | 207 | 38 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 25 | 54 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 184 | 275 | 213 | 487 | 29 | 248 | 23 | 11 | 234 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 18 | ROK MLE | VSL Cubs | — | 193 | 169 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 67 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 142 | 229 | 154 | 383 | 12 | 212 | 35 | 8 | 182 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | ROK MLE | VSL Cubs | — | 290 | 244 | 45 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 31 | 73 | 4 | 25 | 9 | 184 | 287 | 258 | 545 | 74 | 243 | 25 | 11 | 246 | 53 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | ROK MLE | AZL Cubs | — | 203 | 191 | 40 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 53 | 3 | 19 | 7 | 209 | 249 | 272 | 521 | 63 | 277 | 26 | 3 | 226 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | A MLE | South Bend Cubs | — | 447 | 406 | 96 | 14 | 4 | 3 | 28 | 114 | 7 | 24 | 15 | 236 | 297 | 313 | 610 | 76 | 313 | 26 | 6 | 269 | 68 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | A+ MLE | Myrtle Beach Pelicans | — | 234 | 217 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 78 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 147 | 206 | 171 | 377 | 23 | 228 | 33 | 6 | 176 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 18 | ROK MLE | VSL Cubs | — | 193 | 169 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 67 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 142 | 229 | 154 | 383 | 12 | 224 | 35 | 8 | 182 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 18 | ROK RAW | VSL Cubs | — | 193 | 163 | 34 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 55 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 209 | 314 | 233 | 547 | 25 | 301 | 28 | 11 | 258 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | ROK MLE | VSL Cubs | — | 290 | 244 | 45 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 31 | 73 | 4 | 25 | 9 | 184 | 287 | 258 | 545 | 74 | 257 | 25 | 11 | 246 | 53 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | ROK RAW | VSL Cubs | — | 290 | 228 | 65 | 13 | 8 | 0 | 47 | 60 | 4 | 25 | 9 | 285 | 416 | 412 | 828 | 127 | 378 | 21 | 16 | 363 | 53 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | ROK MLE | AZL Cubs | — | 203 | 191 | 40 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 53 | 3 | 19 | 7 | 209 | 249 | 272 | 521 | 63 | 281 | 26 | 3 | 226 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | ROK RAW | AZL Cubs | — | 203 | 187 | 53 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 37 | 3 | 19 | 7 | 283 | 333 | 369 | 702 | 86 | 344 | 18 | 5 | 314 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | A MLE | South Bend Cubs | — | 447 | 406 | 96 | 14 | 4 | 3 | 28 | 114 | 7 | 24 | 15 | 236 | 297 | 313 | 610 | 76 | 318 | 26 | 6 | 269 | 68 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | A RAW | South Bend Cubs | — | 447 | 391 | 110 | 17 | 5 | 3 | 43 | 86 | 7 | 24 | 15 | 281 | 363 | 373 | 736 | 92 | 351 | 19 | 10 | 332 | 68 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | A+ MLE | Myrtle Beach Pelicans | — | 234 | 217 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 78 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 147 | 206 | 171 | 377 | 23 | 230 | 33 | 6 | 176 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | A+ RAW | Myrtle Beach Pelicans | — | 234 | 207 | 38 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 25 | 54 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 184 | 275 | 213 | 487 | 29 | 248 | 23 | 11 | 234 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 18 | ROK MLE | VSL Cubs | — | 193 | 172 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 67 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 140 | 229 | 151 | 380 | 12 | 212 | 35 | 8 | 182 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 19 | ROK MLE | VSL Cubs | — | 290 | 253 | 45 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 31 | 73 | 4 | 25 | 9 | 178 | 287 | 249 | 536 | 71 | 243 | 25 | 11 | 246 | 53 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 20 | ROK MLE | AZL Cubs | — | 203 | 191 | 40 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 53 | 3 | 19 | 7 | 209 | 249 | 272 | 521 | 63 | 277 | 26 | 3 | 226 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 21 | A MLE | South Bend Cubs | — | 447 | 409 | 96 | 14 | 4 | 3 | 28 | 114 | 7 | 24 | 15 | 235 | 297 | 311 | 608 | 76 | 313 | 26 | 6 | 269 | 68 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 22 | A+ MLE | Myrtle Beach Pelicans | — | 234 | 216 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 78 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 148 | 206 | 171 | 377 | 23 | 228 | 33 | 6 | 176 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career | — | MLE | — | 1367 | 1227 | 237 | 28 | 14 | 4 | 96 | 385 | 19 | 89 | 44 | 193 | 262 | 249 | 511 | 55 | 273 | 28 | 7 | 230 | 41 | -95 | +0 | +0 | -15 | +30 | -8.2 | |
| / 162G | — | MLE | — | 650 | 583 | 113 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 46 | 183 | 9 | 42 | 21 | 194 | 263 | 250 | 514 | 57 | 274 | 28 | 7 | 230 | 41 | -45 | +0 | +0 | -7 | +14 | -3.9 | |
How the minor-league lines were translated
One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.
2018 A+Myrtle Beach Pelicans · 234 PAwOBA .229 → .176 (−53)K% 23.1% → 33.2%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 23.08% | ÷0.987 | ×1.420 | — | — | 33.21% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 10.68% | ÷1.032 | ×0.630 | — | ×0.998 | 6.51% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.43% | — | ×0.860 | — | ×0.998 | 0.37% |
| Singles /BIP | 21.57% | ÷1.078 | ×0.940 | ×1.050 | ×0.998 | 19.71% |
| Doubles /BIP | 2.61% | ÷0.915 | ×0.830 | ×1.050 | ×0.998 | 2.48% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.65% | ÷0.924 | ×0.800 | ×1.050 | ×0.998 | 0.59% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.933 | ×0.900 | — | ×0.998 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row CAR. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 87, 1B 116, 2B 83, 3B 85, K 97, BB 106 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 22.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.050.
Result: wOBA .229 → .176; ISO .029 → .025; BABIP .248 → .228. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2017 ASouth Bend Cubs · 447 PAwOBA .325 → .269 (−56)K% 19.2% → 25.6%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 19.24% | ÷1.021 | ×1.360 | — | — | 25.62% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 9.40% | ÷1.023 | ×0.690 | — | — | 6.34% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.57% | — | ×0.780 | — | — | 1.22% |
| Singles /BIP | 27.87% | ÷1.024 | ×0.920 | ×1.009 | — | 25.26% |
| Doubles /BIP | 5.57% | ÷1.027 | ×0.830 | ×1.009 | — | 4.55% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.64% | ÷1.004 | ×0.910 | ×1.009 | — | 1.50% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.98% | ÷0.869 | ×0.800 | — | — | 0.91% |
Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 74, 1B 105, 2B 105, 3B 101, K 104, BB 105 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 22.0 → +0.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.0 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.009.
Result: wOBA .325 → .269; ISO .092 → .078; BABIP .351 → .313. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2016 ROKAZL Cubs · 203 PAwOBA .309 → .226 (−83)K% 18.2% → 26.2%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 18.23% | ÷1.000 | ×1.440 | — | — | 26.25% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 5.42% | ÷1.000 | ×0.620 | — | ×0.985 | 3.31% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.48% | — | ×0.720 | — | ×0.985 | 1.05% |
| Singles /BIP | 28.67% | ÷1.000 | ×0.820 | ×1.019 | ×0.985 | 23.60% |
| Doubles /BIP | 3.33% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | ×1.019 | ×0.985 | 2.41% |
| Triples /BIP | 2.67% | ÷1.000 | ×0.720 | ×1.019 | ×0.985 | 1.93% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.67% | ÷1.000 | ×0.780 | — | ×0.985 | 0.51% |
Factors used: level-wide ROK factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 21 vs a level average of 19.5 → −1.5% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.5 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.019.
Result: wOBA .309 → .226; ISO .086 → .059; BABIP .344 → .277. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2015 DSLVSL Cubs · 290 PAwOBA .357 → .246 (−111)K% 20.7% → 25.2%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 20.69% | ÷1.000 | ×1.220 | — | — | 25.24% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 15.52% | ÷1.000 | ×0.700 | — | ×0.985 | 10.70% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.38% | — | ×0.700 | — | ×0.985 | 0.95% |
| Singles /BIP | 26.19% | ÷1.000 | ×0.680 | ×0.994 | ×0.985 | 17.44% |
| Doubles /BIP | 7.74% | ÷1.000 | ×0.600 | ×0.994 | ×0.985 | 4.55% |
| Triples /BIP | 4.76% | ÷1.000 | ×0.600 | ×0.994 | ×0.985 | 2.80% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.000 | ×0.470 | — | ×0.985 | 0.00% |
Factors used: level-wide DSL factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 20 vs a level average of 18.5 → −1.5% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.5 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.994.
Result: wOBA .357 → .246; ISO .127 → .081; BABIP .378 → .243. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2014 DSLVSL Cubs · 193 PAwOBA .259 → .182 (−77)K% 28.5% → 34.8%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 28.50% | ÷1.000 | ×1.220 | — | — | 34.77% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 10.88% | ÷1.000 | ×0.700 | — | ×0.995 | 7.58% |
| HBP% /PA | 2.07% | — | ×0.700 | — | ×0.995 | 1.44% |
| Singles /BIP | 29.63% | ÷1.000 | ×0.680 | ×1.050 | ×0.995 | 21.05% |
| Doubles /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.000 | ×0.600 | ×1.050 | ×0.995 | 0.00% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.85% | ÷1.000 | ×0.600 | ×1.050 | ×0.995 | 1.16% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.000 | ×0.470 | — | ×0.995 | 0.00% |
Factors used: level-wide DSL factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 19 vs a level average of 18.5 → −0.5% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.5 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.050.
Result: wOBA .259 → .182; ISO .025 → .015; BABIP .301 → .212. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).