Keith Curcio
| Year | Age | Lvl / Team | PA | AVG/OBP/SLG | HR | SB | wRC+ | WAR | MLE AVG/OBP/SLG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 23 | A+Carolina Mudc… | 534 | .271/.354/.389 | 3 | 24 | 63 | — | .222/.281/.306 |
| 2017 | 24 | AAMississippi B… | 455 | .219/.295/.314 | 4 | 10 | 37 | — | .186/.239/.270 |
| 2019 | 26 | AA/A+2 orgs | 387 | .273/.332/.394 | 3 | 11 | 47 | — | .210/.251/.298 |
Career Stats + Projections
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built
All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.
| Year | Age | Lvl | Team | MLB% | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | HBP | SB | CS | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | ISO | BABIP | K% | BB% | wOBA | wRC+ | BAT | RUN | FLD | POS | REP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 21 | A | Rome Braves | — | 24 | 19 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 316 | 409 | 579 | 988 | 263 | 312 | 8 | 0 | 399 | 134 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 21 | ROK | Danville Braves | — | 33 | 27 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 259 | 312 | 333 | 646 | 74 | 304 | 15 | 9 | 278 | 38 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 22 | A+ | Carolina Mudcats | — | 427 | 382 | 92 | 14 | 5 | 4 | 29 | 61 | 4 | 20 | 10 | 241 | 300 | 335 | 635 | 94 | 274 | 14 | 7 | 281 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 22 | A | Rome Braves | — | 138 | 117 | 40 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 342 | 422 | 479 | 901 | 137 | 370 | 9 | 10 | 391 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 22 | INTL | Melbourne Aces | — | 183 | 164 | 39 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 19 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 238 | 300 | 274 | 574 | 37 | 264 | 10 | 8 | 263 | 64 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 23 | A+ | Carolina Mudcats | — | 534 | 458 | 124 | 29 | 8 | 3 | 54 | 64 | 7 | 24 | 6 | 271 | 354 | 389 | 742 | 118 | 304 | 12 | 10 | 328 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 24 | AA | Mississippi Braves | — | 455 | 401 | 88 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 43 | 67 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 219 | 295 | 314 | 609 | 95 | 251 | 15 | 9 | 274 | 37 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 26 | AA | Portland Sea Dogs | — | 104 | 97 | 22 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 22 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 227 | 260 | 340 | 600 | 113 | 274 | 21 | 4 | 266 | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 26 | A+ | Salem Red Sox | — | 283 | 251 | 73 | 20 | 4 | 1 | 26 | 46 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 291 | 358 | 414 | 773 | 124 | 348 | 16 | 9 | 341 | 55 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 21 | A MLE | Rome Braves | — | 24 | 19 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 316 | 409 | 579 | 988 | 263 | 276 | 12 | 0 | 366 | 134 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 21 | ROK MLE | Danville Braves | — | 33 | 30 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 200 | 250 | 267 | 517 | 67 | 242 | 21 | 6 | 225 | 38 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 22 | A+ MLE | Carolina Mudcats | — | 427 | 397 | 81 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 16 | 86 | 4 | 20 | 10 | 204 | 242 | 275 | 517 | 71 | 242 | 20 | 4 | 228 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 22 | A MLE | Rome Braves | — | 138 | 123 | 35 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 17 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 285 | 348 | 390 | 738 | 106 | 317 | 12 | 7 | 325 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 23 | A+ MLE | Carolina Mudcats | — | 534 | 483 | 107 | 23 | 6 | 2 | 33 | 88 | 7 | 24 | 6 | 222 | 281 | 306 | 587 | 85 | 256 | 16 | 6 | 261 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 24 | AA MLE | Mississippi Braves | — | 455 | 419 | 78 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 28 | 84 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 186 | 239 | 270 | 509 | 84 | 217 | 18 | 6 | 223 | 37 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 26 | AA MLE | Portland Sea Dogs | — | 104 | 100 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 27 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 180 | 212 | 270 | 482 | 90 | 228 | 26 | 3 | 205 | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 26 | A+ MLE | Salem Red Sox | — | 283 | 263 | 58 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 15 | 68 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 221 | 265 | 308 | 573 | 87 | 280 | 24 | 5 | 249 | 55 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 21 | ROK MLE | 2 teams | — | 57 | 49 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 245 | 315 | 367 | 682 | 122 | 282 | 18 | 4 | 284 | 79 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 21 | ROK RAW | 2 teams | — | 57 | 46 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 283 | 352 | 435 | 787 | 152 | 308 | 12 | 5 | 329 | 79 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 22 | A+ MLE | 3 teams | — | 748 | 691 | 156 | 21 | 11 | 5 | 33 | 136 | 8 | 34 | 14 | 226 | 269 | 310 | 579 | 84 | 270 | 18 | 4 | 252 | 56 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 22 | A+ RAW | 3 teams | — | 748 | 663 | 171 | 26 | 10 | 4 | 57 | 92 | 8 | 34 | 14 | 258 | 322 | 345 | 668 | 87 | 289 | 12 | 8 | 297 | 56 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 23 | A+ MLE | Carolina Mudcats | — | 534 | 483 | 107 | 23 | 6 | 2 | 33 | 88 | 7 | 24 | 6 | 222 | 281 | 306 | 587 | 85 | 263 | 16 | 6 | 261 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 23 | A+ RAW | Carolina Mudcats | — | 534 | 458 | 124 | 29 | 8 | 3 | 54 | 64 | 7 | 24 | 6 | 271 | 354 | 389 | 742 | 118 | 304 | 12 | 10 | 328 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 24 | AA MLE | Mississippi Braves | — | 455 | 419 | 78 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 28 | 84 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 186 | 239 | 270 | 509 | 84 | 221 | 18 | 6 | 223 | 37 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 24 | AA RAW | Mississippi Braves | — | 455 | 401 | 88 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 43 | 67 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 219 | 295 | 314 | 609 | 95 | 251 | 15 | 9 | 274 | 37 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 26 | A+ MLE | 2 teams | — | 387 | 363 | 75 | 17 | 3 | 2 | 18 | 95 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 207 | 248 | 287 | 535 | 80 | 271 | 25 | 5 | 237 | 47 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 26 | A+ RAW | 2 teams | — | 387 | 348 | 95 | 25 | 4 | 3 | 30 | 68 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 273 | 332 | 394 | 725 | 121 | 329 | 18 | 8 | 321 | 47 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 21 | ROK MLE | 2 teams | — | 57 | 52 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 231 | 315 | 346 | 661 | 115 | 256 | 18 | 4 | 284 | 79 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 22 | A+ MLE | 3 teams | — | 748 | 701 | 156 | 21 | 11 | 5 | 33 | 136 | 8 | 34 | 14 | 223 | 269 | 305 | 574 | 83 | 260 | 18 | 4 | 252 | 56 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 23 | A+ MLE | Carolina Mudcats | — | 534 | 489 | 107 | 23 | 6 | 2 | 33 | 88 | 7 | 24 | 6 | 219 | 281 | 303 | 584 | 84 | 256 | 16 | 6 | 261 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 24 | AA MLE | Mississippi Braves | — | 455 | 423 | 78 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 28 | 84 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 184 | 239 | 267 | 506 | 83 | 217 | 18 | 6 | 223 | 37 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 26 | A+ MLE | 2 teams | — | 387 | 364 | 75 | 17 | 3 | 2 | 18 | 95 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 206 | 248 | 286 | 534 | 80 | 266 | 25 | 5 | 237 | 47 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career | — | MLE | — | 2181 | 2005 | 428 | 77 | 25 | 14 | 114 | 413 | 21 | 80 | 27 | 213 | 263 | 298 | 561 | 84 | 258 | 19 | 5 | 246 | 53 | -122 | +5 | +0 | +8 | +47 | -6.3 | |
| / 162G | — | MLE | — | 650 | 598 | 127 | 23 | 7 | 4 | 34 | 123 | 6 | 24 | 8 | 212 | 262 | 294 | 556 | 82 | 257 | 19 | 5 | 246 | 53 | -36 | +2 | +0 | +2 | +14 | -1.9 | |
How the minor-league lines were translated
One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.
2019 A+Salem Red Sox · 283 PAwOBA .333 → .249 (−85)K% 16.3% → 24.1%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 16.25% | ÷0.958 | ×1.420 | — | — | 24.09% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 8.48% | ÷0.968 | ×0.630 | — | ×0.958 | 5.29% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.35% | — | ×0.860 | — | ×0.958 | 0.29% |
| Singles /BIP | 23.41% | ÷1.003 | ×0.940 | ×0.950 | ×0.958 | 19.98% |
| Doubles /BIP | 9.76% | ÷1.070 | ×0.830 | ×0.950 | ×0.958 | 6.89% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.95% | ÷0.972 | ×0.800 | ×0.950 | ×0.958 | 1.46% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.49% | ÷1.080 | ×0.900 | — | ×0.958 | 0.39% |
Factors used: league row CAR. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 116, 1B 101, 2B 114, 3B 94, K 92, BB 94 — applied at half strength. Age: age 27 vs a level average of 22.8 → −4.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (4.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.
Result: wOBA .333 → .249; ISO .124 → .087; BABIP .348 → .280. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2019 AAPortland Sea Dogs · 104 PAwOBA .259 → .205 (−54)K% 21.2% → 26.0%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 21.15% | ÷0.991 | ×1.220 | — | — | 26.05% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 3.85% | ÷0.997 | ×0.700 | — | ×0.978 | 2.64% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.96% | — | ×0.850 | — | ×0.978 | 0.80% |
| Singles /BIP | 20.00% | ÷1.016 | ×0.970 | ×0.950 | ×0.978 | 17.74% |
| Doubles /BIP | 6.67% | ÷1.158 | ×0.860 | ×0.950 | ×0.978 | 4.60% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.150 | ×0.950 | ×0.950 | ×0.978 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 2.67% | ÷0.953 | ×0.780 | — | ×0.978 | 2.13% |
Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 91, 1B 103, 2B 132, 3B 130, K 98, BB 99 — applied at half strength. Age: age 27 vs a level average of 24.8 → −2.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.
Result: wOBA .259 → .205; ISO .113 → .083; BABIP .274 → .228. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2017 AAMississippi Braves · 455 PAwOBA .268 → .223 (−44)K% 14.7% → 18.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 14.73% | ÷0.970 | ×1.220 | — | — | 18.51% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 9.01% | ÷0.989 | ×0.680 | — | ×0.998 | 6.18% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.22% | — | ×0.840 | — | ×0.998 | 0.18% |
| Singles /BIP | 19.16% | ÷1.026 | ×0.920 | ×0.963 | ×0.998 | 16.51% |
| Doubles /BIP | 4.19% | ÷0.951 | ×0.910 | ×0.963 | ×0.998 | 3.85% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.80% | ÷1.146 | ×0.880 | ×0.963 | ×0.998 | 1.33% |
| Home runs /BIP | 1.20% | ÷0.925 | ×0.800 | — | ×0.998 | 1.03% |
Factors used: league row SL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 85, 1B 105, 2B 90, 3B 129, K 94, BB 98 — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 24.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.963.
Result: wOBA .268 → .223; ISO .095 → .082; BABIP .251 → .217. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2016 A+Carolina Mudcats · 534 PAwOBA .322 → .261 (−62)K% 12.0% → 16.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 11.99% | ÷1.030 | ×1.420 | — | — | 16.52% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 9.55% | ÷0.970 | ×0.630 | — | ×0.988 | 6.13% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.31% | — | ×0.860 | — | ×0.988 | 1.11% |
| Singles /BIP | 21.32% | ÷1.018 | ×0.940 | ×0.956 | ×0.988 | 18.59% |
| Doubles /BIP | 7.36% | ÷1.004 | ×0.830 | ×0.956 | ×0.988 | 5.74% |
| Triples /BIP | 2.03% | ÷0.987 | ×0.800 | ×0.956 | ×0.988 | 1.55% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.76% | ÷1.362 | ×0.900 | — | ×0.988 | 0.50% |
Factors used: league row CAR. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 172, 1B 104, 2B 101, 3B 97, K 106, BB 94 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 22.8 → −1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.956.
Result: wOBA .322 → .261; ISO .118 → .092; BABIP .304 → .256. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2015 A+Carolina Mudcats · 427 PAwOBA .274 → .228 (−46)K% 14.3% → 20.1%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 14.29% | ÷1.012 | ×1.420 | — | — | 20.05% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 6.32% | ÷1.042 | ×0.630 | — | ×0.998 | 3.82% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.94% | — | ×0.860 | — | ×0.998 | 0.80% |
| Singles /BIP | 21.50% | ÷1.014 | ×0.940 | ×0.990 | ×0.998 | 19.69% |
| Doubles /BIP | 4.36% | ÷1.083 | ×0.830 | ×0.990 | ×0.998 | 3.30% |
| Triples /BIP | 1.56% | ÷0.952 | ×0.800 | ×0.990 | ×0.998 | 1.29% |
| Home runs /BIP | 1.25% | ÷1.039 | ×0.900 | — | ×0.998 | 1.08% |
Factors used: league row CAR. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 108, 1B 103, 2B 117, 3B 90, K 102, BB 108 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 22.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.990.
Result: wOBA .274 → .228; ISO .094 → .077; BABIP .274 → .242. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2015 ARome Braves · 138 PAwOBA .390 → .325 (−65)K% 8.7% → 12.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 8.70% | ÷0.932 | ×1.340 | — | — | 12.50% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 10.14% | ÷1.077 | ×0.660 | — | ×0.990 | 6.16% |
| HBP% /PA | 2.17% | — | ×0.770 | — | ×0.990 | 1.66% |
| Singles /BIP | 27.62% | ÷1.026 | ×0.920 | ×0.973 | ×0.990 | 23.86% |
| Doubles /BIP | 5.71% | ÷0.915 | ×0.820 | ×0.973 | ×0.990 | 4.93% |
| Triples /BIP | 4.76% | ÷1.150 | ×0.940 | ×0.973 | ×0.990 | 3.75% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.097 | ×0.820 | — | ×0.990 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row SAL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 119, 1B 105, 2B 83, 3B 130, K 86, BB 115 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 22.0 → −1.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.0 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.973.
Result: wOBA .390 → .325; ISO .137 → .117; BABIP .370 → .317. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2014 ROKDanville Braves · 33 PAwOBA .280 → .225 (−55)K% 15.2% → 21.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 15.15% | ÷1.000 | ×1.420 | — | — | 21.52% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 9.09% | ÷1.000 | ×0.640 | — | ×0.975 | 5.67% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.740 | — | ×0.975 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 22.73% | ÷1.000 | ×0.840 | — | ×0.975 | 18.61% |
| Doubles /BIP | 9.09% | ÷1.000 | ×0.740 | — | ×0.975 | 6.56% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.000 | ×0.740 | — | ×0.975 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.000 | ×0.800 | — | ×0.975 | 0.00% |
Factors used: level-wide ROK factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 19.5 → −2.5% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.5 yr older than average).
Result: wOBA .280 → .225; ISO .074 → .058; BABIP .304 → .242. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2014 ARome Braves · 24 PAwOBA .388 → .366 (−21)K% 8.3% → 11.6%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 8.33% | ÷0.966 | ×1.340 | — | — | 11.56% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 0.00% | ÷0.972 | ×0.660 | — | — | 0.00% |
| HBP% /PA | 12.50% | — | ×0.770 | — | — | 9.62% |
| Singles /BIP | 17.65% | ÷1.012 | ×0.920 | — | — | 16.04% |
| Doubles /BIP | 11.76% | ÷0.965 | ×0.820 | — | — | 10.00% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.066 | ×0.940 | — | — | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 5.88% | ÷0.873 | ×0.820 | — | — | 5.53% |
Factors used: league row SAL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 75, 1B 102, 2B 93, 3B 113, K 93, BB 94 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 22.0 → +0.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.0 yr younger than average).
Result: wOBA .388 → .366; ISO .263 → .265; BABIP .312 → .276. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
Not traceable per stint: some stints lack the counting stats the component translation needs. Level-wide factors that apply instead — .