Alex Monsalve

PosC

B/TR/R

Born1992-04-22

Age (2027)35

No MLB projection yet. Career stats below are historical.

Overview

INTLLAST SEASON 2020

Year	Age	Lvl / Team	PA	AVG/OBP/SLG	HR	SB	wRC+	WAR	MLE AVG/OBP/SLG
2017	25	AAA/AATOR	144	.270/.301/.336	1	0	57	—	.246/.273/.305
2019	27	INTLTigres de Ara…	71	.215/.271/.308	2	1	63	—
2020	28	INTLTigres de Ara…	37	.273/.333/.485	1	0	122	—

Contract

No contract data on file.

Career Stats + Projections

Real MLB stats plus park-adjusted projections — this season (so far / rest / full), then future seasons and career totals.

show model inputsbasis chips: RAW = as recorded · CTX = with park/league context · A+C = actual + context combined · MLE = level/park-neutral

Methodology▸ how these numbers are built

All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve. Catcher framing: only 2027 Statcast framing is modeled (Baseball Savant server-caches the leaderboard to the current season); prior-year framing is unmodeled — projections for established framers may run 1-3 WAR low.

Year	Age	Lvl	Team	MLB%	PA	AB	H	2B	3B	HR	BB	SO	HBP	SB	CS	AVG	OBP	SLG	OPS	ISO	BABIP	K%	BB%	wOBA	wRC+	BAT	RUN	FLD	POS	REP	WAR
▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments)
2009	17	ROK	DSL Indians	—	252	230	63	14	0	0	18	54	4	6	2	274	337	335	672	61	358	21	7	309	19	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	18	ROK	AZL Indians	—	189	182	40	8	3	1	4	52	2	0	0	220	245	313	558	93	300	28	2	248	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	19	A	Lake County Captains	—	496	458	121	21	3	5	31	96	3	7	6	264	315	356	671	92	321	19	6	301	65	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	20	A+	Carolina Mudcats	—	126	116	27	4	0	1	7	17	1	1	0	233	282	293	575	60	263	13	6	260	36	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	20	A	Lake County Captains	—	313	283	75	17	1	7	23	35	3	1	2	265	327	406	733	141	279	11	7	324	66	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	20	INTL	Scottsdale Scorpions	—	50	47	16	5	0	0	2	8	0	2	0	340	367	447	814	106	400	16	4	355	127	—	—	—	—	—	—
2013	21	AA	Akron Aeros	—	80	78	23	4	1	2	1	15	0	0	0	295	304	449	753	154	344	19	1	326	80	—	—	—	—	—	—
2014	22	A+	Carolina Mudcats	—	393	359	95	20	4	5	25	67	6	2	1	265	323	384	707	120	311	17	6	316	64	—	—	—	—	—	—
2014	22	INTL	Bravos de Margarita	—	19	17	5	0	0	0	2	3	0	0	0	294	368	294	663		357	16	11	312	97	—	—	—	—	—	—
2015	23	A+	Lynchburg Hillcats	—	104	92	23	7	0	1	9	14	2	0	0	250	330	359	689	109	282	13	9	311	55	—	—	—	—	—	—
2015	23	INTL	Bravos de Margarita	—	80	76	23	4	0	1	2	12	1	0	2	303	329	395	724	92	344	15	2	320	103	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	24	AA	Akron RubberDucks	—	71	64	19	2	1	1	5	8	1	0	0	297	357	406	763	109	321	11	7	339	95	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	24	A+	Lynchburg Hillcats	—	82	73	16	3	0	1	6	21	2	0	0	219	296	301	598	82	288	26	7	274	28	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	24	INTL	Bravos de Margarita	—	35	27	8	0	0	0	6	7	0	0	0	296	424	296	721		400	20	17	326	107	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	25	AAA	Buffalo Bisons	—	60	56	14	3	0	1	3	10	0	0	0	250	288	357	645	107	283	17	5	285	55	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	25	AA	New Hampshire Fisher Cats	—	84	81	23	3	0	0	1	7	2	0	0	284	310	321	631	37	311	8	1	287	58	—	—	—	—	—	—
2019	27	INTL	Tigres de Aragua	—	71	65	14	0	0	2	5	8	0	1	0	215	271	308	579	92	214	11	7	261	63	—	—	—	—	—	—
2020	28	INTL	Tigres de Aragua	—	37	33	9	2	1	1	3	3	0	0	0	273	333	485	818	212	267	8	8	348	122	—	—	—	—	—	—
▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents)
2009	17	ROK MLE	DSL Indians	—	252	235	40	8	0	0	13	66	4	6	2	170	226	204	430	34	238	26	5	197	19	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	18	ROK MLE	AZL Indians	—	189	184	28	5	2	1	2	75	2	0	0	152	170	217	388	65	249	40	1	168	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	19	A MLE	Lake County Captains	—	496	469	115	18	3	3	20	132	3	7	6	245	280	316	596	70	327	27	4	265	65	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	20	A+ MLE	Carolina Mudcats	—	126	119	24	3	0	1	4	25	1	1	0	202	234	252	486	50	248	20	3	222	36	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	20	A MLE	Lake County Captains	—	313	291	67	14	1	5	15	47	3	1	2	230	275	337	612	107	251	15	5	266	66	—	—	—	—	—	—
2013	21	AA MLE	Akron Aeros	—	80	78	21	3	1	2	1	19	0	0	0	269	278	410	689	141	327	24	1	286	80	—	—	—	—	—	—
2014	22	A+ MLE	Carolina Mudcats	—	393	367	85	17	3	5	17	99	6	2	1	232	277	335	612	104	295	25	4	263	64	—	—	—	—	—	—
2015	23	A+ MLE	Lynchburg Hillcats	—	104	96	21	6	0	1	5	19	2	0	0	219	272	312	584	94	249	18	5	250	55	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	24	AA MLE	Akron RubberDucks	—	71	66	19	2	1	1	3	10	1	0	0	288	329	394	723	106	308	14	4	308	95	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	24	A+ MLE	Lynchburg Hillcats	—	82	75	13	2	0	1	4	31	2	0	0	173	235	240	475	67	269	38	5	210	28	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	25	AAA MLE	Buffalo Bisons	—	60	57	13	3	0	1	2	13	0	0	0	228	254	333	588	105	262	22	3	250	55	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	25	AA MLE	New Hampshire Fisher Cats	—	84	81	21	2	0	0	1	8	2	0	0	259	286	284	570	25	291	10	1	254	58	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	17	ROK MLE	DSL Indians	—	252	235	40	8	0	0	13	66	4	6	2	170	226	204	430	34	237	26	5	197	19	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	17	ROK RAW	DSL Indians	—	252	230	63	14	0	0	18	54	4	6	2	274	337	335	672	61	358	21	7	309	19	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	18	ROK MLE	AZL Indians	—	189	184	28	5	2	1	2	75	2	0	0	152	170	217	388	65	248	40	1	168	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	18	ROK RAW	AZL Indians	—	189	182	40	8	3	1	4	52	2	0	0	220	245	313	558	93	300	28	2	248	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	19	A MLE	Lake County Captains	—	496	469	115	18	3	3	20	132	3	7	6	245	280	316	596	70	331	27	4	265	65	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	19	A RAW	Lake County Captains	—	496	458	121	21	3	5	31	96	3	7	6	264	315	356	671	92	321	19	6	301	65	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	20	A MLE	3 teams	—	489	456	102	19	1	7	22	81	4	4	2	224	266	316	581	92	255	17	4	253	58	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	20	A RAW	3 teams	—	489	446	118	26	1	8	32	60	4	4	2	265	320	381	701	117	287	12	7	311	58	—	—	—	—	—	—
2013	21	AA MLE	Akron Aeros	—	80	78	21	3	1	2	1	19	0	0	0	269	278	410	689	141	333	24	1	286	80	—	—	—	—	—	—
2013	21	AA RAW	Akron Aeros	—	80	78	23	4	1	2	1	15	0	0	0	295	304	449	753	154	344	19	1	326	80	—	—	—	—	—	—
2014	22	A+ MLE	2 teams	—	412	386	88	17	3	5	17	104	6	2	1	228	271	326	598	98	297	25	4	263	64	—	—	—	—	—	—
2014	22	A+ RAW	2 teams	—	412	376	100	20	4	5	27	70	6	2	1	266	325	380	706	114	314	17	7	316	64	—	—	—	—	—	—
2015	23	A+ MLE	2 teams	—	184	169	35	10	0	1	10	34	3	0	2	207	264	284	548	77	250	18	5	250	55	—	—	—	—	—	—
2015	23	A+ RAW	2 teams	—	184	168	46	11	0	2	11	26	3	0	2	274	330	375	705	101	310	14	6	315	55	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	24	A+ MLE	3 teams	—	188	173	39	5	1	2	8	50	3	0	0	225	272	301	572	75	301	27	4	255	59	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	24	A+ RAW	3 teams	—	188	164	43	5	1	2	17	36	3	0	0	262	342	341	684	79	320	19	9	308	59	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	25	AA MLE	2 teams	—	144	138	34	5	0	1	3	21	2	0	0	246	273	304	577	58	282	15	2	252	57	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	25	AA RAW	2 teams	—	144	137	37	6	0	1	4	17	2	0	0	270	301	336	636	66	300	12	3	286	57	—	—	—	—	—	—
2019	27	INTL MLE	Tigres de Aragua	—	71	65	14	0	0	2	5	8	0	1	0	215	271	308	579	92	214	11	7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2019	27	INTL RAW	Tigres de Aragua	—	71	65	14	0	0	2	5	8	0	1	0	215	271	308	579	92	214	11	7	261	63	—	—	—	—	—	—
2020	28	INTL MLE	Tigres de Aragua	—	37	33	9	2	1	1	3	3	0	0	0	273	333	485	818	212	267	8	8	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2020	28	INTL RAW	Tigres de Aragua	—	37	33	9	2	1	1	3	3	0	0	0	273	333	485	818	212	267	8	8	348	122	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	17	ROK MLE	DSL Indians	—	252	233	40	8	0	0	13	66	4	6	2	172	226	206	432	34	238	26	5	197	19	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	18	ROK MLE	AZL Indians	—	189	183	28	5	2	1	2	75	2	0	0	153	170	219	389	66	249	40	1	168	0	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	19	A MLE	Lake County Captains	—	496	470	115	18	3	3	20	132	3	7	6	245	280	315	595	70	327	27	4	265	65	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	20	A MLE	3 teams	—	489	460	102	19	1	7	22	81	4	4	2	222	266	313	579	91	250	17	4	253	58	—	—	—	—	—	—
2013	21	AA MLE	Akron Aeros	—	80	79	21	3	1	2	1	19	0	0	0	266	278	405	684	139	327	24	1	286	80	—	—	—	—	—	—
2014	22	A+ MLE	2 teams	—	412	386	88	17	3	5	17	104	6	2	1	228	271	326	598	98	295	25	4	263	64	—	—	—	—	—	—
2015	23	A+ MLE	2 teams	—	184	169	35	10	0	1	10	34	3	0	2	207	264	284	548	77	249	18	5	250	55	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	24	A+ MLE	3 teams	—	188	175	39	5	1	2	8	50	3	0	0	223	272	297	569	74	287	27	4	255	59	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	25	AA MLE	2 teams	—	144	138	34	5	0	1	3	21	2	0	0	246	273	304	577	58	279	15	2	252	57	—	—	—	—	—	—
▸ Career Totals
Career	—	MLE		—	2542	2386	525	92	12	25	104	593	27	20	13	220	261	300	561	80	280	23	4	235	45	-165	-1	+0	+45	+55	-6.7
/ 162G	—	MLE		—	650	610	134	24	3	6	27	152	7	5	3	220	261	298	560	79	280	23	4	235	45	-42	-0	+0	+12	+14	-1.7

How the minor-league lines were translated

One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.

2017 AANew Hampshire Fisher Cats · 84 PAwOBA .279 → .254 (−25)K% 8.3% → 10.1%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	8.33%	÷1.007	×1.220	—	—	10.10%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	1.19%	÷0.995	×0.700	—	×0.998	0.84%
HBP% /PA	2.38%	—	×0.850	—	×0.998	2.02%
Singles /BIP	27.03%	÷1.024	×0.970	×1.006	×0.998	25.70%
Doubles /BIP	4.05%	÷1.024	×0.860	×1.006	×0.998	3.42%
Triples /BIP	0.00%	÷0.900	×0.950	×1.006	×0.998	0.00%
Home runs /BIP	0.00%	÷1.165	×0.780	—	×0.998	0.00%

Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 133, 1B 105, 2B 105, 3B 80, K 101, BB 99 — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 24.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.006.

Result: wOBA .279 → .254; ISO .037 → .031; BABIP .311 → .291. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2017 AAABuffalo Bisons · 60 PAwOBA .282 → .250 (−31)K% 16.7% → 21.0%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	16.67%	÷0.950	×1.200	—	—	21.05%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	5.00%	÷1.027	×0.690	—	×1.033	3.47%
HBP% /PA	0.00%	—	×0.940	—	×1.033	0.00%
Singles /BIP	21.74%	÷1.021	×0.930	×0.992	×1.033	20.30%
Doubles /BIP	6.52%	÷0.940	×0.830	×0.992	×1.033	5.90%
Triples /BIP	0.00%	÷0.961	×0.970	×0.992	×1.033	0.00%
Home runs /BIP	2.17%	÷0.903	×0.840	—	×1.033	2.09%

Factors used: league row IL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 80, 1B 104, 2B 88, 3B 92, K 90, BB 106 — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 27.2 → +3.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.992.

Result: wOBA .282 → .250; ISO .107 → .098; BABIP .283 → .262. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2016 A+Lynchburg Hillcats · 82 PAwOBA .270 → .210 (−60)K% 25.6% → 38.0%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	25.61%	÷0.956	×1.420	—	—	38.03%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	7.32%	÷1.015	×0.630	—	×0.988	4.49%
HBP% /PA	2.44%	—	×0.860	—	×0.988	2.07%
Singles /BIP	23.08%	÷0.969	×0.940	×1.005	×0.988	22.22%
Doubles /BIP	5.77%	÷1.000	×0.830	×1.005	×0.988	4.75%
Triples /BIP	0.00%	÷1.037	×0.800	×1.005	×0.988	0.00%
Home runs /BIP	1.92%	÷0.932	×0.900	—	×0.988	1.83%

Factors used: league row CAR. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 86, 1B 94, 2B 100, 3B 107, K 91, BB 103 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 22.8 → −1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.005.

Result: wOBA .270 → .210; ISO .082 → .064; BABIP .288 → .269. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2016 AAAkron RubberDucks · 71 PAwOBA .330 → .308 (−22)K% 11.3% → 13.8%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	11.27%	÷0.997	×1.220	—	—	13.79%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	5.63%	÷0.950	×0.700	—	×1.012	4.20%
HBP% /PA	1.41%	—	×0.850	—	×1.012	1.21%
Singles /BIP	26.79%	÷1.014	×0.970	×1.013	×1.012	26.29%
Doubles /BIP	3.57%	÷1.015	×0.860	×1.013	×1.012	3.10%
Triples /BIP	1.79%	÷1.150	×0.950	×1.013	×1.012	1.51%
Home runs /BIP	1.79%	÷0.949	×0.780	—	×1.012	1.49%

Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 90, 1B 103, 2B 103, 3B 130, K 99, BB 90 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 24.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.013.

Result: wOBA .330 → .308; ISO .109 → .095; BABIP .321 → .308. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2015 A+Lynchburg Hillcats · 104 PAwOBA .307 → .250 (−57)K% 13.5% → 18.5%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	13.46%	÷1.031	×1.420	—	—	18.54%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	8.65%	÷1.046	×0.630	—	×0.998	5.20%
HBP% /PA	1.92%	—	×0.860	—	×0.998	1.65%
Singles /BIP	19.23%	÷1.026	×0.940	×0.999	×0.998	17.57%
Doubles /BIP	8.97%	÷1.000	×0.830	×0.999	×0.998	7.42%
Triples /BIP	0.00%	÷0.921	×0.800	×0.999	×0.998	0.00%
Home runs /BIP	1.28%	÷1.129	×0.900	—	×0.998	1.02%

Factors used: league row CAR. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 126, 1B 105, 2B 100, 3B 84, K 106, BB 109 — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 22.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.999.

Result: wOBA .307 → .250; ISO .109 → .088; BABIP .282 → .249. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2014 A+Carolina Mudcats · 393 PAwOBA .309 → .263 (−46)K% 17.0% → 25.2%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	17.05%	÷0.961	×1.420	—	—	25.20%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	6.36%	÷0.966	×0.630	—	×1.012	4.20%
HBP% /PA	1.53%	—	×0.860	—	×1.012	1.33%
Singles /BIP	22.60%	÷1.011	×0.940	×1.040	×1.012	22.13%
Doubles /BIP	6.85%	÷0.983	×0.830	×1.040	×1.012	6.09%
Triples /BIP	1.37%	÷1.150	×0.800	×1.040	×1.012	1.00%
Home runs /BIP	1.71%	÷0.869	×0.900	—	×1.012	1.79%

Factors used: league row CAR. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 74, 1B 102, 2B 97, 3B 130, K 92, BB 93 — applied at half strength. Age: age 22 vs a level average of 22.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.040.

Result: wOBA .309 → .263; ISO .120 → .102; BABIP .311 → .295. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2013 AAAkron Aeros · 80 PAwOBA .317 → .286 (−30)K% 18.8% → 23.3%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	18.75%	÷0.984	×1.220	—	—	23.25%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	1.25%	÷1.029	×0.700	—	×1.050	0.89%
HBP% /PA	0.00%	—	×0.850	—	×1.050	0.00%
Singles /BIP	25.40%	÷1.037	×0.970	×0.986	×1.050	24.58%
Doubles /BIP	6.35%	÷1.001	×0.860	×0.986	×1.050	5.65%
Triples /BIP	1.59%	÷1.049	×0.950	×0.986	×1.050	1.49%
Home runs /BIP	3.17%	÷0.879	×0.780	—	×1.050	2.96%

Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 76, 1B 107, 2B 100, 3B 110, K 97, BB 106 — applied at half strength. Age: age 21 vs a level average of 24.8 → +5.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (3.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.986.

Result: wOBA .317 → .286; ISO .154 → .136; BABIP .344 → .327. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2012 ALake County Captains · 313 PAwOBA .318 → .266 (−51)K% 11.2% → 15.1%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	11.18%	÷1.007	×1.360	—	—	15.10%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	7.03%	÷1.020	×0.690	—	×1.030	4.90%
HBP% /PA	0.96%	—	×0.780	—	×1.030	0.77%
Singles /BIP	20.16%	÷1.015	×0.920	×0.996	×1.030	18.75%
Doubles /BIP	6.85%	÷1.022	×0.830	×0.996	×1.030	5.71%
Triples /BIP	0.40%	÷0.961	×0.910	×0.996	×1.030	0.39%
Home runs /BIP	2.82%	÷1.163	×0.800	—	×1.030	2.00%

Factors used: level-wide A factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 133, 1B 103, 2B 104, 3B 92, K 101, BB 104 — applied at half strength. Age: age 20 vs a level average of 22.0 → +3.0% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.0 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.996.

Result: wOBA .318 → .266; ISO .141 → .109; BABIP .279 → .251. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

Not traceable per stint: some stints lack the counting stats the component translation needs. Level-wide factors that apply instead — .