David Lough
| Year | Age | Lvl / Team | PA | AVG/OBP/SLG | HR | SB | wRC+ | WAR | MLE AVG/OBP/SLG | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 29 | AAABAL | 62 | .259/.295/.310 | 0 | 1 | 50 | — | .237/.262/.288 | |
| 2015 | 29 | MLBBAL | 144 | .201/.241/.313 | 4 | 2 | 47 | -0.7 | ||
| 2016 | 30 | AAANew Orleans Z… | 171 | .258/.314/.348 | 1 | 2 | 51 | — | .219/.260/.300 | |
| 2016 | 30 | MLBPHI | 79 | .239/.346/.313 | 0 | 1 | 87 | -0.1 | ||
| 2017 | 31 | AAACLE | 75 | .225/.257/.268 | 0 | 0 | 24 | — | .194/.216/.222 | |
| 2018 | 32 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
| 2019 | 33 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
| 2020 | 34 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
| 2021 | 35 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
| 2022 | 36 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
| 2023 | 37 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
| 2024 | 38 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
| 2025 | 39 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
| 2026 | 40 | No MLB games played | ||||||||
Career Stats + Projections
Methodology▸ how these numbers are built
All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.
| Year | Age | Lvl | Team | MLB% | PA | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | BB | SO | HBP | SB | CS | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | ISO | BABIP | K% | BB% | wOBA | wRC+ | BAT | RUN | FLD | POS | REP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 21 | ROK | Burlington Royals | — | 92 | 86 | 29 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 337 | 380 | 477 | 857 | 140 | 380 | 14 | 4 | 382 | 73 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 22 | A | Burlington Bees | — | 543 | 488 | 131 | 21 | 11 | 16 | 35 | 70 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 268 | 330 | 455 | 785 | 186 | 285 | 13 | 6 | 341 | 77 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 23 | AA | Northwest Arkansas Naturals | — | 253 | 236 | 78 | 13 | 2 | 9 | 12 | 30 | 3 | 13 | 4 | 331 | 371 | 517 | 887 | 186 | 350 | 12 | 5 | 388 | 115 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 23 | A+ | Wilmington Blue Rocks | — | 250 | 222 | 71 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 34 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 320 | 373 | 473 | 846 | 153 | 357 | 14 | 5 | 363 | 98 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 24 | AAA | Omaha Royals | — | 532 | 460 | 129 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 40 | 72 | 8 | 14 | 5 | 280 | 348 | 437 | 785 | 157 | 310 | 14 | 8 | 334 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 25 | AAA | Omaha Storm Chasers | — | 516 | 456 | 145 | 26 | 11 | 9 | 36 | 49 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 318 | 373 | 482 | 855 | 164 | 335 | 9 | 7 | 363 | 114 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 25 | INTL | Aguilas Cibaenas | — | 78 | 70 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 200 | 253 | 271 | 525 | 71 | 232 | 17 | 3 | 233 | 44 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 26 | MLB | Kansas City Royals | — | 65 | 59 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 237 | 297 | 305 | 602 | 68 | 275 | 14 | 6 | 272 | 70 | -2 | +0 | -1 | +2 | +1 | 0.0 |
| 2012 | 26 | AAA | Omaha Storm Chasers | — | 544 | 491 | 135 | 19 | 11 | 10 | 25 | 65 | 8 | 26 | 4 | 275 | 321 | 420 | 740 | 145 | 296 | 12 | 5 | 317 | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 27 | MLB | Kansas City Royals | — | 335 | 315 | 90 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 52 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 286 | 314 | 413 | 727 | 127 | 326 | 16 | 3 | 316 | 102 | +1 | +0 | +5 | -5 | +7 | 0.8 |
| 2013 | 27 | AAA | Omaha Storm Chasers | — | 172 | 154 | 52 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 21 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 338 | 393 | 474 | 867 | 136 | 374 | 12 | 6 | 377 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 28 | MLB | Baltimore Orioles | — | 197 | 174 | 43 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 33 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 247 | 311 | 385 | 696 | 138 | 283 | 17 | 8 | 301 | 86 | -3 | -0 | +3 | -2 | +4 | 0.1 |
| 2015 | 29 | MLB | Baltimore Orioles | — | 144 | 134 | 27 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 36 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 201 | 241 | 313 | 555 | 112 | 245 | 25 | 3 | 244 | 47 | -9 | -1 | +2 | -2 | +3 | -0.7 |
| 2015 | 29 | AAA | Norfolk Tides | — | 62 | 58 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 259 | 295 | 310 | 605 | 52 | 300 | 15 | 5 | 270 | 50 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 30 | MLB | Philadelphia Phillies | — | 79 | 67 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 239 | 346 | 313 | 660 | 75 | 267 | 10 | 11 | 305 | 87 | -1 | -1 | +2 | -3 | +2 | -0.1 |
| 2016 | 30 | AAA | New Orleans Zephyrs | — | 171 | 155 | 40 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 22 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 258 | 314 | 348 | 662 | 90 | 293 | 13 | 7 | 296 | 51 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 31 | AAA | Columbus Clippers | — | 75 | 71 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 225 | 257 | 268 | 524 | 42 | 291 | 21 | 3 | 237 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career Totals (raw MLB only — historical actual) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MLB Career | — | — | 820 | 749 | 190 | 29 | 10 | 13 | 43 | 138 | 9 | 17 | 13 | 254 | 302 | 371 | 673 | 117 | 293 | 17 | 5 | 295 | 86 | -14 | -2 | +11 | -10 | +18 | 0.3 | ||
| ▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 21 | ROK MLE | Burlington Royals | — | 92 | 88 | 22 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 250 | 283 | 364 | 646 | 114 | 302 | 20 | 2 | 276 | 73 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 22 | A MLE | Burlington Bees | — | 543 | 500 | 116 | 17 | 10 | 13 | 23 | 95 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 232 | 280 | 384 | 664 | 152 | 256 | 17 | 4 | 282 | 77 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 23 | AA MLE | Northwest Arkansas Naturals | — | 253 | 239 | 72 | 11 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 37 | 3 | 13 | 4 | 301 | 335 | 452 | 787 | 151 | 329 | 15 | 4 | 338 | 115 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 23 | A+ MLE | Wilmington Blue Rocks | — | 250 | 226 | 65 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 48 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 288 | 332 | 416 | 748 | 128 | 326 | 19 | 3 | 313 | 98 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 24 | AAA MLE | Omaha Royals | — | 532 | 474 | 123 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 27 | 97 | 8 | 14 | 5 | 259 | 310 | 390 | 701 | 131 | 287 | 18 | 5 | 295 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 25 | AAA MLE | Omaha Storm Chasers | — | 516 | 468 | 146 | 23 | 11 | 6 | 24 | 65 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 312 | 351 | 447 | 797 | 135 | 327 | 13 | 5 | 337 | 114 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 26 | MLB MLE | Kansas City Royals | — | 65 | 59 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 237 | 297 | 305 | 602 | 68 | 275 | 14 | 6 | 272 | 70 | -2 | +0 | -1 | +2 | +1 | 0.0 |
| 2012 | 26 | AAA MLE | Omaha Storm Chasers | — | 544 | 502 | 125 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 14 | 81 | 8 | 26 | 4 | 249 | 281 | 371 | 651 | 122 | 267 | 15 | 3 | 278 | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 27 | MLB MLE | Kansas City Royals | — | 335 | 315 | 90 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 52 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 286 | 314 | 413 | 727 | 127 | 326 | 16 | 3 | 319 | 102 | +1 | +0 | +5 | -5 | +7 | 0.8 |
| 2013 | 27 | AAA MLE | Omaha Storm Chasers | — | 172 | 158 | 47 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 28 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 297 | 339 | 405 | 744 | 108 | 342 | 16 | 4 | 325 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 28 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 197 | 174 | 43 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 33 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 247 | 311 | 385 | 696 | 138 | 283 | 17 | 8 | 296 | 86 | -3 | -0 | +3 | -2 | +4 | 0.1 |
| 2015 | 29 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 144 | 134 | 27 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 36 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 201 | 241 | 313 | 555 | 112 | 245 | 25 | 3 | 237 | 47 | -9 | -1 | +2 | -2 | +3 | -0.7 |
| 2015 | 29 | AAA MLE | Norfolk Tides | — | 62 | 59 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 237 | 262 | 288 | 550 | 51 | 285 | 18 | 3 | 242 | 50 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 30 | MLB MLE | Philadelphia Phillies | — | 79 | 68 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 235 | 333 | 309 | 642 | 74 | 267 | 10 | 10 | 296 | 87 | -1 | -1 | +2 | -3 | +2 | -0.1 |
| 2016 | 30 | AAA MLE | New Orleans Zephyrs | — | 171 | 160 | 35 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 28 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 219 | 260 | 300 | 560 | 81 | 252 | 16 | 5 | 243 | 51 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 31 | AAA MLE | Columbus Clippers | — | 75 | 72 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 194 | 216 | 222 | 438 | 28 | 275 | 25 | 1 | 204 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2007 | 21 | ROK MLE | Burlington Royals | — | 92 | 88 | 22 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 250 | 283 | 364 | 646 | 114 | 294 | 20 | 2 | 276 | 73 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2007 | 21 | ROK RAW | Burlington Royals | — | 92 | 86 | 29 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 337 | 380 | 477 | 857 | 140 | 380 | 14 | 4 | 382 | 73 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 22 | A MLE | Burlington Bees | — | 543 | 500 | 116 | 17 | 10 | 13 | 23 | 95 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 232 | 280 | 384 | 664 | 152 | 261 | 17 | 4 | 282 | 77 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 22 | A RAW | Burlington Bees | — | 543 | 488 | 131 | 21 | 11 | 16 | 35 | 70 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 268 | 330 | 455 | 785 | 186 | 285 | 13 | 6 | 341 | 77 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 23 | AA MLE | 2 teams | — | 503 | 466 | 138 | 24 | 4 | 12 | 16 | 85 | 10 | 19 | 8 | 296 | 333 | 442 | 775 | 146 | 340 | 17 | 3 | 326 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 23 | AA RAW | 2 teams | — | 503 | 458 | 149 | 28 | 4 | 14 | 24 | 64 | 10 | 19 | 8 | 325 | 372 | 496 | 868 | 170 | 353 | 13 | 5 | 375 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 24 | AAA MLE | Omaha Royals | — | 532 | 474 | 123 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 27 | 97 | 8 | 14 | 5 | 259 | 310 | 390 | 701 | 131 | 305 | 18 | 5 | 295 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 24 | AAA RAW | Omaha Royals | — | 532 | 460 | 129 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 40 | 72 | 8 | 14 | 5 | 280 | 348 | 437 | 785 | 157 | 310 | 14 | 8 | 334 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 25 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 594 | 537 | 167 | 26 | 12 | 7 | 27 | 75 | 7 | 15 | 11 | 311 | 352 | 443 | 795 | 132 | 346 | 13 | 5 | 337 | 114 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 25 | AAA RAW | 2 teams | — | 594 | 526 | 159 | 26 | 12 | 10 | 38 | 62 | 7 | 15 | 11 | 302 | 357 | 454 | 812 | 152 | 323 | 10 | 6 | 346 | 114 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 26 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 609 | 561 | 138 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 18 | 90 | 9 | 27 | 4 | 246 | 281 | 358 | 639 | 112 | 277 | 15 | 3 | 277 | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 26 | AAA RAW | 2 teams | — | 609 | 550 | 149 | 21 | 12 | 10 | 29 | 74 | 9 | 27 | 4 | 271 | 318 | 407 | 725 | 136 | 294 | 12 | 5 | 312 | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 27 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 507 | 473 | 139 | 22 | 7 | 8 | 17 | 80 | 6 | 10 | 7 | 294 | 327 | 421 | 747 | 127 | 337 | 16 | 3 | 321 | 103 | +2 | -1 | +5 | -5 | +11 | 1.2 |
| 2013 | 27 | MLB RAW | 2 teams | — | 507 | 469 | 142 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 21 | 73 | 6 | 10 | 7 | 303 | 341 | 433 | 774 | 130 | 342 | 14 | 4 | 337 | 103 | +2 | -1 | +5 | -5 | +11 | 1.2 |
| 2014 | 28 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 197 | 174 | 43 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 33 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 247 | 311 | 385 | 696 | 138 | 283 | 17 | 8 | 296 | 86 | -3 | -0 | +3 | -2 | +4 | 0.1 |
| 2014 | 28 | MLB RAW | Baltimore Orioles | — | 197 | 174 | 43 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 33 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 247 | 311 | 385 | 696 | 138 | 283 | 17 | 8 | 301 | 86 | -3 | -0 | +3 | -2 | +4 | 0.1 |
| 2015 | 29 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 206 | 193 | 41 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 47 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 212 | 248 | 306 | 553 | 93 | 259 | 23 | 3 | 239 | 48 | -13 | -1 | +2 | -2 | +4 | -1.0 |
| 2015 | 29 | MLB RAW | 2 teams | — | 206 | 192 | 42 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 45 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 219 | 257 | 312 | 570 | 94 | 264 | 22 | 4 | 252 | 48 | -13 | -1 | +2 | -2 | +4 | -1.0 |
| 2016 | 30 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 250 | 228 | 51 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 16 | 36 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 224 | 283 | 303 | 586 | 79 | 259 | 14 | 6 | 260 | 62 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 30 | AAA RAW | 2 teams | — | 250 | 222 | 56 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 21 | 30 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 252 | 324 | 338 | 662 | 86 | 285 | 12 | 8 | 299 | 62 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 31 | AAA MLE | Columbus Clippers | — | 75 | 72 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 194 | 216 | 222 | 438 | 28 | 264 | 25 | 1 | 204 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 31 | AAA RAW | Columbus Clippers | — | 75 | 71 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 225 | 257 | 268 | 524 | 42 | 291 | 21 | 3 | 237 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2007 | 21 | ROK MLE | Burlington Royals | — | 92 | 88 | 22 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 250 | 283 | 364 | 646 | 114 | 302 | 20 | 2 | 276 | 73 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 22 | A MLE | Burlington Bees | — | 543 | 505 | 116 | 17 | 10 | 13 | 23 | 95 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 230 | 280 | 380 | 660 | 150 | 256 | 17 | 4 | 282 | 77 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 23 | AA MLE | 2 teams | — | 503 | 472 | 138 | 24 | 4 | 12 | 16 | 85 | 10 | 19 | 8 | 292 | 333 | 436 | 770 | 144 | 328 | 17 | 3 | 326 | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 24 | AAA MLE | Omaha Royals | — | 532 | 492 | 123 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 27 | 97 | 8 | 14 | 5 | 250 | 310 | 376 | 686 | 126 | 287 | 18 | 5 | 295 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 25 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 594 | 555 | 167 | 26 | 12 | 7 | 27 | 75 | 7 | 15 | 11 | 301 | 352 | 429 | 781 | 128 | 327 | 13 | 5 | 337 | 114 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 26 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 609 | 577 | 138 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 18 | 90 | 9 | 27 | 4 | 239 | 281 | 348 | 629 | 109 | 268 | 15 | 3 | 277 | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 27 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 507 | 479 | 139 | 22 | 7 | 8 | 17 | 80 | 6 | 10 | 7 | 290 | 327 | 415 | 742 | 125 | 331 | 16 | 3 | 321 | 103 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 28 | MLB MLE | Baltimore Orioles | — | 197 | 179 | 43 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 33 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 240 | 311 | 374 | 685 | 134 | 283 | 17 | 8 | 296 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 29 | MLB MLE | 2 teams | — | 206 | 195 | 41 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 47 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 210 | 248 | 303 | 550 | 92 | 257 | 23 | 3 | 239 | 48 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 30 | AAA MLE | 2 teams | — | 250 | 229 | 51 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 16 | 36 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 223 | 283 | 301 | 585 | 79 | 257 | 14 | 6 | 260 | 62 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 31 | AAA MLE | Columbus Clippers | — | 75 | 73 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 192 | 216 | 219 | 435 | 27 | 275 | 25 | 1 | 204 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ▸ Career Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ▸ Career totals — MLB only (actual + projected) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career | — | A+C | — | 820 | 749 | 190 | 29 | 10 | 13 | 43 | 138 | 9 | 17 | 13 | 254 | 302 | 371 | 673 | 117 | 293 | 17 | 5 | 295 | 87 | -14 | -2 | +11 | -10 | +18 | 0.3 | |
| / 162G | — | A+C | — | 650 | 594 | 150 | 23 | 8 | 10 | 34 | 109 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 253 | 301 | 369 | 669 | 116 | 292 | 17 | 5 | 295 | 87 | -11 | -1 | +8 | -8 | +14 | 0.2 | |
| Career | — | MLE | — | 4108 | 3766 | 992 | 147 | 59 | 69 | 169 | 675 | 59 | 117 | 62 | 263 | 305 | 389 | 694 | 125 | 302 | 16 | 4 | 297 | 87 | -14 | -2 | +11 | -10 | +18 | 0.3 | |
| / 162G | — | MLE | — | 650 | 596 | 156 | 23 | 9 | 11 | 27 | 107 | 9 | 19 | 10 | 262 | 304 | 386 | 690 | 124 | 300 | 16 | 4 | 297 | 87 | -11 | -1 | +8 | -8 | +14 | 0.2 | |
How the minor-league lines were translated
One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.
2017 AAAColumbus Clippers · 75 PAwOBA .230 → .204 (−26)K% 21.3% → 25.9%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 21.33% | ÷0.989 | ×1.200 | — | — | 25.88% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 2.67% | ÷1.089 | ×0.690 | — | ×0.962 | 1.63% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.33% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×0.962 | 1.21% |
| Singles /BIP | 23.64% | ÷0.945 | ×0.930 | ×1.032 | ×0.962 | 23.09% |
| Doubles /BIP | 5.45% | ÷1.018 | ×0.830 | ×1.032 | ×0.962 | 4.42% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.00% | ÷0.900 | ×0.970 | ×1.032 | ×0.962 | 0.00% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.231 | ×0.840 | — | ×0.962 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row IL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 146, 1B 89, 2B 104, 3B 80, K 98, BB 118 — applied at half strength. Age: age 31 vs a level average of 27.2 → −3.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (3.8 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.032.
Result: wOBA .230 → .204; ISO .042 → .033; BABIP .291 → .275. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2016 AAANew Orleans Zephyrs · 171 PAwOBA .288 → .243 (−44)K% 12.9% → 16.2%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 12.87% | ÷1.027 | ×1.290 | — | — | 16.16% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 6.43% | ÷0.964 | ×0.710 | — | ×0.972 | 4.61% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.58% | — | ×0.980 | — | ×0.972 | 0.56% |
| Singles /BIP | 21.80% | ÷1.041 | ×0.900 | ×1.027 | ×0.972 | 18.80% |
| Doubles /BIP | 6.77% | ÷0.929 | ×0.810 | ×1.027 | ×0.972 | 5.89% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.75% | ÷1.057 | ×0.810 | ×1.027 | ×0.972 | 0.58% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.75% | ÷0.919 | ×0.780 | — | ×0.972 | 0.62% |
Factors used: league row PCL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 84, 1B 108, 2B 86, 3B 111, K 105, BB 93 — applied at half strength. Age: age 30 vs a level average of 27.2 → −2.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.8 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.027.
Result: wOBA .288 → .243; ISO .090 → .077; BABIP .293 → .252. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2015 AAANorfolk Tides · 62 PAwOBA .268 → .242 (−26)K% 14.5% → 18.1%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 14.52% | ÷0.961 | ×1.200 | — | — | 18.12% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 4.84% | ÷1.060 | ×0.690 | — | ×0.982 | 3.09% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.00% | — | ×0.940 | — | ×0.982 | 0.00% |
| Singles /BIP | 26.53% | ÷0.989 | ×0.930 | ×1.043 | ×0.982 | 25.54% |
| Doubles /BIP | 2.04% | ÷0.979 | ×0.830 | ×1.043 | ×0.982 | 1.77% |
| Triples /BIP | 2.04% | ÷1.150 | ×0.970 | ×1.043 | ×0.982 | 1.76% |
| Home runs /BIP | 0.00% | ÷1.097 | ×0.840 | — | ×0.982 | 0.00% |
Factors used: league row IL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 119, 1B 98, 2B 96, 3B 130, K 92, BB 112 — applied at half strength. Age: age 29 vs a level average of 27.2 → −1.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.8 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.043.
Result: wOBA .268 → .242; ISO .052 → .045; BABIP .300 → .285. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2013 AAAOmaha Storm Chasers · 172 PAwOBA .367 → .325 (−43)K% 12.2% → 16.4%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 12.21% | ÷0.958 | ×1.290 | — | — | 16.44% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 5.81% | ÷1.032 | ×0.710 | — | ×1.003 | 4.01% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.74% | — | ×0.980 | — | ×1.003 | 1.71% |
| Singles /BIP | 30.08% | ÷1.007 | ×0.900 | ×1.033 | ×1.003 | 27.86% |
| Doubles /BIP | 4.51% | ÷0.973 | ×0.810 | ×1.033 | ×1.003 | 3.89% |
| Triples /BIP | 2.26% | ÷0.906 | ×0.810 | ×1.033 | ×1.003 | 2.09% |
| Home runs /BIP | 2.26% | ÷1.024 | ×0.780 | — | ×1.003 | 1.72% |
Factors used: league row PCL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 105, 1B 101, 2B 95, 3B 81, K 92, BB 106 — applied at half strength. Age: age 27 vs a level average of 27.2 → +0.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.033.
Result: wOBA .367 → .325; ISO .136 → .115; BABIP .374 → .342. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2012 AAAOmaha Storm Chasers · 544 PAwOBA .308 → .278 (−30)K% 11.9% → 14.9%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 11.95% | ÷1.035 | ×1.290 | — | — | 14.90% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 3.68% | ÷1.012 | ×0.710 | — | ×1.018 | 2.63% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.47% | — | ×0.980 | — | ×1.018 | 1.47% |
| Singles /BIP | 22.30% | ÷1.010 | ×0.900 | ×1.013 | ×1.018 | 20.49% |
| Doubles /BIP | 4.46% | ÷0.949 | ×0.810 | ×1.013 | ×1.018 | 3.93% |
| Triples /BIP | 2.58% | ÷0.998 | ×0.810 | ×1.013 | ×1.018 | 2.16% |
| Home runs /BIP | 2.35% | ÷1.001 | ×0.780 | — | ×1.018 | 1.86% |
Factors used: league row PCL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 100, 1B 102, 2B 90, 3B 100, K 107, BB 102 — applied at half strength. Age: age 26 vs a level average of 27.2 → +1.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.013.
Result: wOBA .308 → .278; ISO .145 → .124; BABIP .296 → .267. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2011 AAAOmaha Storm Chasers · 516 PAwOBA .357 → .337 (−21)K% 9.5% → 12.6%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 9.50% | ÷0.970 | ×1.290 | — | — | 12.64% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 6.40% | ÷1.028 | ×0.710 | — | ×1.033 | 4.56% |
| HBP% /PA | 0.78% | — | ×0.980 | — | ×1.033 | 0.78% |
| Singles /BIP | 24.32% | ÷0.929 | ×0.900 | ×1.029 | ×1.033 | 25.03% |
| Doubles /BIP | 6.39% | ÷1.033 | ×0.810 | ×1.029 | ×1.033 | 5.32% |
| Triples /BIP | 2.70% | ÷0.932 | ×0.810 | ×1.029 | ×1.033 | 2.50% |
| Home runs /BIP | 2.21% | ÷1.161 | ×0.780 | — | ×1.033 | 1.53% |
Factors used: league row PCL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 132, 1B 86, 2B 107, 3B 86, K 94, BB 106 — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 27.2 → +3.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.029.
Result: wOBA .357 → .337; ISO .164 → .138; BABIP .335 → .327. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2010 AAAOmaha Royals · 532 PAwOBA .326 → .295 (−31)K% 13.5% → 18.2%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 13.53% | ÷0.959 | ×1.290 | — | — | 18.21% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 7.14% | ÷1.034 | ×0.710 | — | ×1.048 | 5.14% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.50% | — | ×0.980 | — | ×1.048 | 1.54% |
| Singles /BIP | 23.45% | ÷1.002 | ×0.900 | ×1.015 | ×1.048 | 22.40% |
| Doubles /BIP | 3.87% | ÷0.932 | ×0.810 | ×1.015 | ×1.048 | 3.57% |
| Triples /BIP | 3.09% | ÷1.150 | ×0.810 | ×1.015 | ×1.048 | 2.32% |
| Home runs /BIP | 2.84% | ÷0.967 | ×0.780 | — | ×1.048 | 2.40% |
Factors used: league row PCL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 93, 1B 100, 2B 86, 3B 130, K 92, BB 107 — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 27.2 → +4.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (3.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.015.
Result: wOBA .326 → .295; ISO .157 → .134; BABIP .310 → .287. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
2009 AANorthwest Arkansas Naturals · 253 PAwOBA .377 → .338 (−39)K% 11.9% → 14.5%
| Component | Raw | Park ÷ | Level factor × | GB/FB × | Age × | = MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K% /PA | 11.86% | ÷1.000 | ×1.220 | — | — | 14.47% |
| BB% (unintentional) /PA | 4.74% | ÷1.000 | ×0.700 | — | ×1.027 | 3.41% |
| HBP% /PA | 1.19% | — | ×0.870 | — | ×1.027 | 1.06% |
| Singles /BIP | 26.21% | ÷1.000 | ×0.920 | ×1.019 | ×1.027 | 25.23% |
| Doubles /BIP | 6.31% | ÷1.000 | ×0.840 | ×1.019 | ×1.027 | 5.55% |
| Triples /BIP | 0.97% | ÷1.000 | ×0.940 | ×1.019 | ×1.027 | 0.95% |
| Home runs /BIP | 4.37% | ÷1.000 | ×0.800 | — | ×1.027 | 3.59% |
Factors used: league row TL. Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 23 vs a level average of 24.8 → +2.7% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×1.019.
Result: wOBA .377 → .338; ISO .186 → .158; BABIP .350 → .329. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).
Not traceable per stint: some stints lack the counting stats the component translation needs. Level-wide factors that apply instead — .