Luke Hughes

Pos2B

B/TR/R

Born1984-08-02

Age (2027)42

No MLB projection yet. Career stats below are historical.

Overview

INTLLAST SEASON 2019

Year	Age	Lvl / Team	PA	AVG/OBP/SLG	HR	SB	wRC+	WAR
2017	32	INTLPerth Heat	189	.327/.463/.660	13	2	210	—
2018	33	INTLMelbourne Aces	150	.309/.418/.602	10	3	178	—
2019	34	INTLMelbourne Aces	133	.200/.328/.336	4	5	92	—

Contract

No contract data on file.

Career Stats + Projections

Real MLB stats plus park-adjusted projections — this season (so far / rest / full), then future seasons and career totals.

show model inputsbasis chips: RAW = as recorded · CTX = with park/league context · A+C = actual + context combined · MLE = level/park-neutral

Methodology▸ how these numbers are built

All seasons translated to park-neutral MLB-equivalent (MLE) and combined per year. 2027 = full-season projection (no games played yet). 2028+ via Advanced Marcel + aging curve.

Year	Age	Lvl	Team	MLB%	PA	AB	H	2B	3B	HR	BB	SO	HBP	SB	CS	AVG	OBP	SLG	OPS	ISO	BABIP	K%	BB%	wOBA	wRC+	BAT	RUN	FLD	POS	REP	WAR
▸ Career — actual stats, one row per stint (as recorded, no adjustments)
2005	20	A+	Fort Myers Miracle	—	92	84	17	3	1	0	2	15	1	0	0	202	230	262	492	60	236	16	2	210	22	—	—	—	—	—	—
2005	20	A	Beloit Snappers	—	325	292	75	14	2	7	21	63	7	4	2	257	322	390	712	134	302	19	6	316	59	—	—	—	—	—	—
2006	21	A+	Fort Myers Miracle	—	368	333	77	15	0	4	23	72	5	6	2	231	291	312	603	81	279	20	6	271	44	—	—	—	—	—	—
2007	22	AA	New Britain Rock Cats	—	362	315	89	18	2	9	34	68	4	4	1	283	360	438	798	156	331	19	9	348	97	—	—	—	—	—	—
2008	23	AAA	Rochester Red Wings	—	118	106	30	7	1	3	7	30	1	2	0	283	330	453	783	170	355	25	6	336	84	—	—	—	—	—	—
2008	23	AA	New Britain Rock Cats	—	319	285	91	15	3	15	28	70	3	4	1	319	386	551	937	232	378	22	9	406	112	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	24	AAA	Rochester Red Wings	—	157	135	35	8	2	6	18	38	1	2	0	259	351	481	832	222	309	24	11	360	91	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	24	AA	New Britain Rock Cats	—	229	200	50	15	3	6	19	38	4	1	1	250	327	445	772	195	273	17	8	333	76	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	24	ROK	GCL Twins	—	15	11	3	0	0	0	4	1	0	0	0	273	467	273	739		300	7	27	367	63	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	25	AAA	Rochester Red Wings	—	81	74	19	8	0	1	5	18	1	2	0	257	312	405	718	149	327	22	6	316	62	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	25	INTL	Perth Heat	—	164	137	39	10	1	6	24	33	2	1	1	285	399	504	902	219	333	20	15	397	155	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	26	MLB	Minnesota Twins	—	317	287	64	12	0	7	24	79	3	3	2	223	290	338	628	115	282	25	8	283	77	-9	-0	+0	+2	+7	0.0
2011	26	AAA	Rochester Red Wings	—	129	117	27	6	1	4	10	18	0	2	0	231	291	402	693	171	237	14	8	303	50	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	26	INTL	Perth Heat	—	86	64	22	8	0	4	17	10	4	4	1	344	506	656	1.162	312	353	12	20	494	220	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	27	MLB	Oakland Athletics	—	24	23	3	0	0	0	0	10	0	1	0	130	130	130	261		214	42	0	113	-37	-4	+0	-2	+1	+1	-0.4
2012	27	AAA	Las Vegas 51s	—	242	207	57	15	3	5	27	60	3	2	2	275	367	449	816	174	356	25	11	357	69	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	27	AA	Midland RockHounds	—	31	28	5	0	0	1	3	9	0	1	0	179	258	286	544	107	222	29	10	251	12	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	27	INTL	Perth Heat	—	90	73	18	3	1	4	12	19	2	1	1	247	368	479	847	233	264	21	13	363	132	—	—	—	—	—	—
2013	28	INTL	Perth Heat	—	123	108	29	9	0	3	9	29	5	1	0	269	352	435	788	167	338	24	7	351	123	—	—	—	—	—	—
2014	29	INTL	Perth Heat	—	144	125	44	10	2	6	17	29	1	6	0	352	434	608	1.042	256	418	20	12	449	190	—	—	—	—	—	—
2015	30	INTL	Perth Heat	—	214	195	41	11	0	5	16	45	1	2	0	210	274	344	617	133	245	21	7	276	73	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	31	INTL	Perth Heat	—	155	128	40	9	0	6	25	30	1	3	1	312	429	523	952	211	366	19	16	418	169	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	32	INTL	Perth Heat	—	189	150	49	11	0	13	32	38	6	2	0	327	463	660	1.123	333	360	20	17	479	210	—	—	—	—	—	—
2018	33	INTL	Melbourne Aces	—	150	123	38	6	0	10	17	38	6	3	0	309	418	602	1.019	293	354	25	11	431	178	—	—	—	—	—	—
2019	34	INTL	Melbourne Aces	—	133	110	22	3	0	4	21	35	0	5	1	200	328	336	665	136	250	26	16	304	92	—	—	—	—	—	—
▸ Career Totals (raw MLB only — historical actual)
MLB Career	—			—	341	310	67	12	0	7	24	89	3	4	2	216	279	323	602	106	278	26	7	271	69	-12	+0	-1	+3	+7	-0.3
▸ Career — adjusted (every ACTUAL line translated to park/league-neutral MLB equivalents)
2005	20	A+ MLE	Fort Myers Miracle	—	92	84	17	3	1	0	2	21	1	0	0	202	230	262	492	60	231	23	2	201	22	—	—	—	—	—	—
2005	20	A MLE	Beloit Snappers	—	325	298	64	11	2	5	15	86	7	4	2	215	269	315	584	101	274	26	5	256	59	—	—	—	—	—	—
2006	21	A+ MLE	Fort Myers Miracle	—	368	339	69	14	0	3	17	102	5	6	2	204	252	271	523	68	266	28	5	233	44	—	—	—	—	—	—
2007	22	AA MLE	New Britain Rock Cats	—	362	326	86	16	2	7	23	83	4	4	1	264	320	390	710	126	319	23	6	311	97	—	—	—	—	—	—
2008	23	AAA MLE	Rochester Red Wings	—	118	109	28	6	1	3	5	36	1	2	0	257	296	413	708	156	319	31	4	293	84	—	—	—	—	—	—
2008	23	AA MLE	New Britain Rock Cats	—	319	293	81	12	3	12	20	85	3	4	1	276	329	461	790	184	346	27	6	334	112	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	24	AAA MLE	Rochester Red Wings	—	157	140	31	7	2	5	13	46	1	2	0	221	292	407	699	186	272	29	8	302	91	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	24	AA MLE	New Britain Rock Cats	—	229	207	46	13	3	5	12	46	4	1	1	222	278	386	665	164	240	20	5	281	76	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	24	ROK MLE	GCL Twins	—	15	13	3	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	231	333	231	564		232	7	13	261	63	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	25	AAA MLE	Rochester Red Wings	—	81	76	17	7	0	1	3	21	1	2	0	224	263	355	618	132	288	26	4	260	62	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	26	MLB MLE	Minnesota Twins	—	317	287	64	12	0	7	24	79	3	3	2	223	290	338	628	115	282	25	8	283	77	-9	-0	+0	+2	+7	0.0
2011	26	AAA MLE	Rochester Red Wings	—	129	120	24	5	1	3	7	23	0	2	0	200	244	333	577	133	206	18	5	242	50	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	27	MLB MLE	Oakland Athletics	—	24	23	3	0	0	0	0	10	0	1	0	130	130	130	261		214	42	0	114	-37	-4	+0	-2	+1	+1	-0.4
2012	27	AAA MLE	Las Vegas 51s	—	242	215	45	10	2	4	19	77	3	2	2	209	283	330	613	121	289	32	8	270	69	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	27	AA MLE	Midland RockHounds	—	31	29	4	0	0	1	2	11	0	1	0	138	194	241	435	103	187	35	6	186	12	—	—	—	—	—	—
2005	20	A MLE	2 teams	—	417	383	81	14	3	5	16	107	8	4	2	211	258	303	561	91	274	26	4	244	51	—	—	—	—	—	—
2005	20	A RAW	2 teams	—	417	376	92	17	3	7	23	78	8	4	2	245	302	362	664	117	286	19	6	293	51	—	—	—	—	—	—
2006	21	A+ MLE	Fort Myers Miracle	—	368	339	69	14	0	3	17	102	5	6	2	204	252	271	523	68	276	28	5	233	44	—	—	—	—	—	—
2006	21	A+ RAW	Fort Myers Miracle	—	368	333	77	15	0	4	23	72	5	6	2	231	291	312	603	81	279	20	6	271	44	—	—	—	—	—	—
2007	22	AA MLE	New Britain Rock Cats	—	362	326	86	16	2	7	23	83	4	4	1	264	320	390	710	126	329	23	6	311	97	—	—	—	—	—	—
2007	22	AA RAW	New Britain Rock Cats	—	362	315	89	18	2	9	34	68	4	4	1	283	360	438	798	156	331	19	9	348	97	—	—	—	—	—	—
2008	23	AA MLE	2 teams	—	437	402	108	18	4	14	25	121	4	6	1	269	318	438	756	169	347	28	6	323	105	—	—	—	—	—	—
2008	23	AA RAW	2 teams	—	437	391	121	22	4	18	35	100	4	6	1	309	371	524	896	215	372	23	8	387	105	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	24	AA MLE	3 teams	—	401	360	79	19	5	10	27	93	5	3	1	219	283	383	666	164	260	23	7	288	81	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	24	AA RAW	3 teams	—	401	346	88	23	5	12	41	77	5	3	1	254	342	454	796	199	287	19	10	345	81	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	25	INTL MLE	2 teams	—	245	230	51	20	0	3	10	64	3	3	1	222	263	348	611	126	293	26	4	260	62	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	25	INTL RAW	2 teams	—	245	211	58	18	1	7	29	51	3	3	1	275	370	469	840	194	331	21	12	370	62	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	26	MLB MLE	3 teams	—	532	482	104	20	1	12	37	121	7	9	3	216	281	336	617	120	261	23	7	271	69	-19	+1	+0	+2	+12	-0.5
2011	26	MLB RAW	3 teams	—	532	468	113	26	1	15	51	107	7	9	3	241	325	397	723	156	280	20	10	322	69	-19	+1	+0	+2	+12	-0.5
2012	27	AAA MLE	4 teams	—	387	345	67	13	3	6	28	128	5	5	3	194	265	301	566	107	279	33	7	249	54	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	27	AAA RAW	4 teams	—	387	331	83	18	4	10	42	98	5	5	3	251	344	420	764	169	316	25	11	335	54	—	—	—	—	—	—
2013	28	INTL MLE	Perth Heat	—	123	108	29	9	0	3	9	29	5	1	0	269	352	435	788	167	338	24	7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2013	28	INTL RAW	Perth Heat	—	123	108	29	9	0	3	9	29	5	1	0	269	352	435	788	167	338	24	7	351	123	—	—	—	—	—	—
2014	29	INTL MLE	Perth Heat	—	144	125	44	10	2	6	17	29	1	6	0	352	434	608	1.042	256	418	20	12	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2014	29	INTL RAW	Perth Heat	—	144	125	44	10	2	6	17	29	1	6	0	352	434	608	1.042	256	418	20	12	449	190	—	—	—	—	—	—
2015	30	INTL MLE	Perth Heat	—	214	195	41	11	0	5	16	45	1	2	0	210	274	344	617	133	245	21	7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2015	30	INTL RAW	Perth Heat	—	214	195	41	11	0	5	16	45	1	2	0	210	274	344	617	133	245	21	7	276	73	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	31	INTL MLE	Perth Heat	—	155	128	40	9	0	6	25	30	1	3	1	312	429	523	952	211	366	19	16	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2016	31	INTL RAW	Perth Heat	—	155	128	40	9	0	6	25	30	1	3	1	312	429	523	952	211	366	19	16	418	169	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	32	INTL MLE	Perth Heat	—	189	150	49	11	0	13	32	38	6	2	0	327	463	660	1.123	333	360	20	17	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2017	32	INTL RAW	Perth Heat	—	189	150	49	11	0	13	32	38	6	2	0	327	463	660	1.123	333	360	20	17	479	210	—	—	—	—	—	—
2018	33	INTL MLE	Melbourne Aces	—	150	123	38	6	0	10	17	38	6	3	0	309	418	602	1.019	293	354	25	11	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2018	33	INTL RAW	Melbourne Aces	—	150	123	38	6	0	10	17	38	6	3	0	309	418	602	1.019	293	354	25	11	431	178	—	—	—	—	—	—
2019	34	INTL MLE	Melbourne Aces	—	133	110	22	3	0	4	21	35	0	5	1	200	328	336	665	136	250	26	16	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2019	34	INTL RAW	Melbourne Aces	—	133	110	22	3	0	4	21	35	0	5	1	200	328	336	665	136	250	26	16	304	92	—	—	—	—	—	—
2005	20	A MLE	2 teams	—	417	390	81	14	3	5	16	107	8	4	2	208	258	297	555	90	265	26	4	244	51	—	—	—	—	—	—
2006	21	A+ MLE	Fort Myers Miracle	—	368	343	69	14	0	3	17	102	5	6	2	201	252	268	520	67	266	28	5	233	44	—	—	—	—	—	—
2007	22	AA MLE	New Britain Rock Cats	—	362	332	86	16	2	7	23	83	4	4	1	259	320	383	703	123	319	23	6	311	97	—	—	—	—	—	—
2008	23	AA MLE	2 teams	—	437	405	108	18	4	14	25	121	4	6	1	267	318	435	752	168	339	28	6	323	105	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	24	AA MLE	3 teams	—	401	366	79	19	5	10	27	93	5	3	1	216	283	377	660	161	252	23	7	288	81	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	25	INTL MLE	2 teams	—	245	230	51	20	0	3	10	64	3	3	1	222	263	348	611	126	288	26	4	260	62	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	26	MLB MLE	3 teams	—	532	483	104	20	1	12	37	121	7	9	3	215	281	335	617	120	260	23	7	271	69	—	—	—	—	—	—
2012	27	AAA MLE	4 teams	—	387	351	67	13	3	6	28	128	5	5	3	191	265	296	561	105	272	33	7	249	54	—	—	—	—	—	—
▸ Career Totals
▸ Career totals — MLB only (actual + projected)
Career	—	A+C		—	341	310	67	12	0	7	24	89	3	4	2	216	279	323	602	106	278	26	7	271	23	-12	+0	-1	+3	+7	-0.3
/ 162G	—	A+C		—	650	591	127	23	0	13	46	170	6	8	4	215	279	320	599	105	277	26	7	271	23	-24	+0	-3	+6	+14	-0.6
Career	—	MLE		—	4257	3806	908	193	20	107	320	1063	61	62	16	239	308	384	692	146	298	25	8	202	23	-12	+0	-1	+3	+7	-0.3
/ 162G	—	MLE		—	650	581	138	29	3	16	49	162	9	9	2	238	307	380	687	143	297	25	8	202	23	-24	+0	-3	+6	+14	-0.6

How the minor-league lines were translated

One row per minor-league stint. Open a row to see each step: the raw rate, the park adjustment, the league/level factor, the age adjustment (hitters) and the resulting MLE rate. Factors are the same ones listed on the MLE Factors page.

2012 AAALas Vegas 51s · 242 PAwOBA .353 → .270 (−84)K% 24.8% → 31.8%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	24.79%	÷1.004	×1.290	—	—	31.85%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	11.16%	÷0.985	×0.710	—	×0.992	7.98%
HBP% /PA	1.24%	—	×0.980	—	×0.992	1.21%
Singles /BIP	23.13%	÷0.985	×0.900	×0.960	×0.992	20.12%
Doubles /BIP	10.20%	÷1.085	×0.810	×0.960	×0.992	7.25%
Triples /BIP	2.04%	÷0.994	×0.810	×0.960	×0.992	1.58%
Home runs /BIP	3.40%	÷1.059	×0.780	—	×0.992	2.49%

Factors used: league row PCL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 112, 1B 97, 2B 117, 3B 99, K 101, BB 97 — applied at half strength. Age: age 28 vs a level average of 27.2 → −0.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.960.

Result: wOBA .353 → .270; ISO .174 → .123; BABIP .356 → .289. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2012 AAMidland RockHounds · 31 PAwOBA .245 → .186 (−59)K% 29.0% → 37.0%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	29.03%	÷0.956	×1.220	—	—	37.03%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	9.68%	÷0.983	×0.700	—	×0.968	6.67%
HBP% /PA	0.00%	—	×0.870	—	×0.968	0.00%
Singles /BIP	21.05%	÷1.049	×0.920	—	×0.968	17.87%
Doubles /BIP	0.00%	÷1.029	×0.840	—	×0.968	0.00%
Triples /BIP	0.00%	÷1.150	×0.940	—	×0.968	0.00%
Home runs /BIP	5.26%	÷0.894	×0.800	—	×0.968	4.56%

Factors used: league row TL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 79, 1B 110, 2B 106, 3B 130, K 91, BB 97 — applied at half strength. Age: age 28 vs a level average of 24.8 → −3.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (3.2 yr older than average).

Result: wOBA .245 → .186; ISO .107 → .085; BABIP .222 → .187. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2011 AAARochester Red Wings · 129 PAwOBA .299 → .242 (−58)K% 14.0% → 17.6%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	13.95%	÷0.950	×1.200	—	—	17.63%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	7.75%	÷1.024	×0.690	—	×1.003	5.24%
HBP% /PA	0.00%	—	×0.940	—	×1.003	0.00%
Singles /BIP	16.16%	÷0.980	×0.930	×0.957	×1.003	14.73%
Doubles /BIP	6.06%	÷1.004	×0.830	×0.957	×1.003	4.81%
Triples /BIP	1.01%	÷1.150	×0.970	×0.957	×1.003	0.82%
Home runs /BIP	4.04%	÷1.150	×0.840	—	×1.003	2.96%

Factors used: league row IL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 130, 1B 96, 2B 101, 3B 130, K 90, BB 105 — applied at half strength. Age: age 27 vs a level average of 27.2 → +0.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.957.

Result: wOBA .299 → .242; ISO .171 → .130; BABIP .237 → .206. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2010 AAARochester Red Wings · 81 PAwOBA .308 → .260 (−48)K% 22.2% → 26.0%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	22.22%	÷1.025	×1.200	—	—	26.01%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	6.17%	÷1.055	×0.690	—	×1.018	4.11%
HBP% /PA	1.23%	—	×0.940	—	×1.018	1.18%
Singles /BIP	17.86%	÷1.011	×0.930	×0.988	×1.018	16.52%
Doubles /BIP	14.29%	÷1.009	×0.830	×0.988	×1.018	11.81%
Triples /BIP	0.00%	÷0.903	×0.970	×0.988	×1.018	0.00%
Home runs /BIP	1.79%	÷0.944	×0.840	—	×1.018	1.62%

Factors used: league row IL. Park (home-season share, regressed): HR 89, 1B 102, 2B 102, 3B 81, K 105, BB 111 — applied at half strength. Age: age 26 vs a level average of 27.2 → +1.8% on BB/HBP/hit rates (1.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.988.

Result: wOBA .308 → .260; ISO .149 → .125; BABIP .327 → .288. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2009 AANew Britain Rock Cats · 229 PAwOBA .328 → .281 (−48)K% 16.6% → 20.2%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	16.59%	÷1.000	×1.220	—	—	20.24%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	7.42%	÷1.000	×0.700	—	×0.998	5.19%
HBP% /PA	1.75%	—	×0.850	—	×0.998	1.48%
Singles /BIP	16.05%	÷1.000	×0.970	×0.953	×0.998	14.81%
Doubles /BIP	9.26%	÷1.000	×0.860	×0.953	×0.998	7.58%
Triples /BIP	1.85%	÷1.000	×0.950	×0.953	×0.998	1.67%
Home runs /BIP	3.70%	÷1.000	×0.780	—	×0.998	2.88%

Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 24.8 → −0.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.2 yr older than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.953.

Result: wOBA .328 → .281; ISO .195 → .164; BABIP .273 → .240. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2009 AAARochester Red Wings · 157 PAwOBA .357 → .302 (−55)K% 24.2% → 29.0%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	24.20%	÷1.000	×1.200	—	—	29.04%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	11.46%	÷1.000	×0.690	—	×1.033	8.17%
HBP% /PA	0.64%	—	×0.940	—	×1.033	0.62%
Singles /BIP	19.59%	÷1.000	×0.930	×0.950	×1.033	17.88%
Doubles /BIP	8.25%	÷1.000	×0.830	×0.950	×1.033	6.72%
Triples /BIP	2.06%	÷1.000	×0.970	×0.950	×1.033	1.96%
Home runs /BIP	6.19%	÷1.000	×0.840	—	×1.033	5.37%

Factors used: league row IL. Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 27.2 → +3.3% on BB/HBP/hit rates (2.2 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.950.

Result: wOBA .357 → .302; ISO .222 → .193; BABIP .309 → .272. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2009 ROKGCL Twins · 15 PAwOBA .360 → .261 (−99)K% 6.7% → 9.6%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	6.67%	÷1.000	×1.440	—	—	9.60%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	26.67%	÷1.000	×0.620	—	×0.945	15.62%
HBP% /PA	0.00%	—	×0.720	—	×0.945	0.00%
Singles /BIP	30.00%	÷1.000	×0.820	—	×0.945	23.25%
Doubles /BIP	0.00%	÷1.000	×0.720	—	×0.945	0.00%
Triples /BIP	0.00%	÷1.000	×0.720	—	×0.945	0.00%
Home runs /BIP	0.00%	÷1.000	×0.780	—	×0.945	0.00%

Factors used: level-wide ROK factors (no league-specific row for this league/era). Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 25 vs a level average of 19.5 → −5.5% on BB/HBP/hit rates (5.5 yr older than average).

Result: wOBA .360 → .261; ISO .000 → .000; BABIP .300 → .232. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

2008 AANew Britain Rock Cats · 319 PAwOBA .396 → .334 (−62)K% 21.9% → 26.8%

Component	Raw	Park ÷	Level factor ×	GB/FB ×	Age ×	= MLE
K% /PA	21.94%	÷1.000	×1.220	—	—	26.77%
BB% (unintentional) /PA	8.78%	÷1.000	×0.700	—	×1.012	6.22%
HBP% /PA	0.94%	—	×0.850	—	×1.012	0.81%
Singles /BIP	26.98%	÷1.000	×0.970	×0.969	×1.012	25.66%
Doubles /BIP	6.98%	÷1.000	×0.860	×0.969	×1.012	5.88%
Triples /BIP	1.40%	÷1.000	×0.950	×0.969	×1.012	1.30%
Home runs /BIP	6.98%	÷1.000	×0.780	—	×1.012	5.51%

Factors used: league row EL. Park (home-season share, regressed): no park row on file (treated as neutral) — applied at half strength. Age: age 24 vs a level average of 24.8 → +1.2% on BB/HBP/hit rates (0.8 yr younger than average). Ground-ball/fly-ball mix moves 1B/2B/3B by ×0.969.

Result: wOBA .396 → .334; ISO .232 → .185; BABIP .378 → .346. Both wOBAs use the same linear weights, so the change is the translation alone. The MLE line is not regressed to the mean — regression happens later, when seasons are blended into a projection (how).

Not traceable per stint: some stints lack the counting stats the component translation needs. Level-wide factors that apply instead — .